This article describes the relationship between trauma in early childhood and attachment style, with the goal that clinicians can more effectively tailor individualized interventions to their clients. Recognizing how and why trauma influences attachment styles will provide the clinician with a more thorough understanding of the client and the client’s family system and will allow the clinician to select the most appropriate treatment interventions. Implications are provided for marriage, relationship, and family counselors. Furthermore, recommendations for future research are provided.

The use of integrative models in family, marriage, and individual counseling continues to show promising therapeutic results. The basic concept of theoretical integration involves a purposeful combination of principles, practices, and common factors from different theories. This form of therapy has been employed for the past 50 years and has provided therapists with numerous techniques which have shown to be effective for a variety of clinical issues. The present article provides clarity on what integrative therapy is, its history, and coverage on its advantages and disadvantages. In addition, a literature review of existing integrative models and contemporary family models is provided. The article further covers Dr. Jay Lebow’s integrative systemic therapy, its importance, modes of operation, barriers, and its implication and future in marriage and family counseling.

Social existence is vital for any person's survival. Social existence theory relates to how individuals conceptualize their existence in a social world, learn from others, and communicate with others. We discuss constructivism, social learning, and the influence of language, as well as the influence of language on society's views of mental illness and the systemic nature of these views.

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