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This chapter describes how the oil and gas industry is responding to one specific challenge to sustainable development – the promotion of human rights. The human rights activities and practices of the industry fall into three categories: direct responsibility, shared responsibility and indirect influence. Specific responses to human rights issues are illustrated through case studies from some of the member companies of the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association. The chapter demonstrates that the oil and gas industry has achieved substantial progress in establishing and implementing human rights policies and practices. However, the debate between industry, representatives of civil society and governments over the roles, responsibilities and accountability for human rights of transnational corporations in general, and of the oil and gas industry in particular, continues. While under international law the responsibility to protect human rights rests primarily with governments, companies and others, including non‐governmental organisations and multilateral organisations, can support human rights. The industry recognises the need to develop measures to help address human rights challenges and that this effort will require co‐operation and shared responsibility among all relevant actors.

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The term soul wounds is gaining momentum in military psychology to index spiritual distress from traumatic experiences in combat. Fully capitalizing on the promise of the concept, however, requires research privileging the voices of military personnel themselves. The goal of our study was to examine whether the concept of soul wounds resonates with U.S. service members and veterans who graduated from a combat trauma healing course. Results from semistructured interviews with 40 graduates of the REBOOT Combat Recovery course provided insight into the experience of soul wounds (Research Question 1), the effects of soul wounds on everyday life (Research Question 2), and advice for dealing with soul wounds (Research Question 3). Participants affirmed the value of the concept and reported a variety of negative consequences. Implications for practice include addressing the anger military personnel experience in the aftermath of soul wounds, counteracting the stigma of seeking help, and fostering healthy relationships among those experiencing soul wounds.

The REBOOT First Responders program has offered spiritual care for occupational trauma to first responders and their caregivers since 2018. The goal of this study was to evaluate the program with respect to the physical health, mental health, and social health of course graduates. Self-report data collected from 124 attendees during the third session and the 12th session of the course did not show improvement in physical function, but gains were apparent in pain interference and intensity, sleep health, mental health, and social health. Improvement was largely uniform across personal characteristics, course characteristics, and occupational characteristics. Taken together, the findings imply that the REBOOT First Responders program may have utility for helping first responders and their caregivers with the stressors they face.