Cervical AC/ASC may be more aggressive than is SCC. For cervical AC/ASC, more comprehensively effective treatments are warranted.

SummaryLevamisole is a synthetic phenylimidazolthiazole that was first introduced in 1966 as an anti-helmintic agent. Current studies have been focused upon its effect on immune response and on cancer treatment. We examined the molecular mechanisms of levamisole in the activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (

Background Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) shows potential for neurocognitive preservation. This study aimed to evaluate whether HA-WBRT or conformal WBRT (C-WBRT) is better for preserving neurocognitive function. Methods This single-blinded randomized phase II trial enrolled patients with brain metastases and randomly assigned to receive HA-WBRT or C-WBRT. Primary end point is the decline of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R) Delayed Recall at 4 months after treatment. Neurocognitive function tests were analyzed with a mixed effect model. Brain progression free survival (BPFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results From March 2015 to December 2018, seventy patients were randomized to yield a total cohort of 65 evaluable patients (33 in the HA-WBRT arm and 32 in the C-WBRT arm) with a median follow-up of 12.4 months.　No differences in baseline neurocognitive function existed between the two arms. The mean change of HVLT-R delayed recall at 4 months was –8.8% in the HA-WBRT arm, and +3.8% in the C-WBRT arm (p=0.31). At six months, patients receiving HA-WBRT showed favorable perpetuation of HVLT-R total recall (mean difference = 2.60, p=0.079) and significantly better preservation of the HVLT-R recognition-discrimination index (mean difference = 1.78, p=0.019) and memory score (mean difference = 4.38, p=0.020) compared with patients undergoing C-WBRT. There were no differences in TMT part A, part B, or the COWA test between the two arms at any time point. There were no differences in BPFS or OS between arms as well. Conclusions Patients receiving HA-WBRT without memantine showed better preservation in memory at 6-month follow-up, but not in verbal fluency or executive function.

Purpose: To evaluate the response in patients undergoing SBRT using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) integrated magnetic resonance positron emission tomography (MR-PET). Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is efficacious as a front-line local treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 19 lung tumors in 17 nonmetastatic NSCLC patients who were receiving SBRT as a primary treatment. They underwent DCE-integrated 3T MR-PET before and 6 weeks after SBRT. The following image parameters were analyzed: tumor size, standardized uptake value (SUV), apparent diffusion coefficient, K trans , k ep , v e , v p , and iAUC 60 . Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed at 3 months after SBRT. Results: SBRT treatment led to tumor changes including significant decreases in the SUV max (-61%, P < 0.001), K trans mean (-72%, P 5 0.005), K trans standard deviation (SD; -85%, P 5 0.046), k ep mean (-53%, P 5 0.014), k ep SD (-63%, P 5 0.001), and v p SD (-58%, P 5 0.002). The PET SUV max was correlated with the MR k ep mean (P 5 0.002) and k ep SD (P < 0.001). The percentage reduction in K trans mean (P < 0.001) and k ep mean (P 5 0.034) at 6 weeks post-SBRT were significantly correlated with the percentage reduction in tumor size, as measured using CT at 3 months after SBRT. Univariate analyses revealed a trend toward disease progression when the initial SUV max > 10 (P 5 0.083). Conclusion: In patients with NSCLC who are receiving SBRT, DCE-integrated MR-PET can be used to evaluate the response after SBRT and to predict the local treatment outcome. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;47:191-199. S tereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a standard treatment option for patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who are not candidates for surgery.1 Nonrandomized, single-institution, and population-based studies have reported that the clinical outcomes of SBRT are comparable with those of primary surgery, with local control rates of over 90%.2 Furthermore, SBRT offers superior outcomes, lower costs, and greater patient convenience than conventional radiation therapy. 3To evaluate treatment response in cases of lung cancer, researchers commonly use the Response Evaluation Criteria View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.