Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) originates from eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea). Its common name is the citrus longhorned beetle (CLB), as its feeding causes severe damage to citrus plants (Strangi et al., 2013). Generally, CLB require 1-2 years to complete their life cycle in their native range and in southern Europe but have a longer life cycle in temperate regions such as the United Kingdom (Adachi, 1994). Young larvae begin feeding under the bark in early spring and then migrate into the heartwood to pupate. Between late spring to late summer, CLB adults emerge from the base of the trunk or from roots (Hérard et al., 2006). Adults feed on twigs and leaf veins (Haack et al., 2010). Mating occurs later on trunks and main branches, and females make T-shaped slits in the lower bark in which they lay their eggs (EPPO, 2013). CLB is a polyphagous insect and reportedly attacks species in over 100 genera, including evergreen broadleaved trees (e.g.
The swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer) is an invasive insect in North America whose feeding has caused a decline of over 60% of total canola acreage in Ontario, Canada since 2011. Temperature-dependent development and mortality information are important to develop an effective pest management strategy for this insect; as the most comprehensive study on C. nasturtii development was completed on populations from the United Kingdom in the 1960s, new geographically relevant information is needed. Contarinia nasturtii eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults were reared from wild populations collected from Elora, Ontario, and allowed to develop at different temperatures. Resulting development rates were fit to a series of growth models and the model with the best relative goodness-of-fit was selected to represent the given life stage. Eggs from Ontario populations developed more quickly than their UK counterparts at temperatures below approximately 17°C, but more slowly at temperatures above 17°C. The same phenomenon was observed in larvae at 20°C. Pupae from both populations had similar development rates, and adult longevity was similar as well. This information will inform the management of C. nasturtii, and may help prevent its spread to other canola-producing regions of North America.
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