Waste transport plays an important role in the decarbonization of the transport sector. In this paper diesel-powered (dWCV) and electric waste collections vehicles (eWCV) and their operation are analysed regarding energy demand and total cost of ownership (TCO) integrating Well-to-Wheel emission costs. Further, an open-source simulation tool with a route synthetization approach is presented using extensive real-life operational data of five different route types. Determined WCV energy demand varies greatly between vehicle topologies and analysed route types. eWCV show a mean distance-specific energy demand of 1.85 kWh•km-1 , while values for dWCV increase to 5.43 kWh•km-1 respectively. The factors route distance and number of waste containers collected show the highest influence on results. Therefore, battery capacity should be sized according to specific route types. eWCV show higher TCO than dWCV under current economic constraints but fuel price level and annual vehicle mileage show a high influence on economic feasibility. Taking the planned emissions price mechanism of the German Government into account, economic scenarios could be identified, which make eWCV advantageous yet in 2021. In technical terms, there is nothing to stop for the electrification of WCV, and with suitable political instruments eWCV could become profitable in the short-term.

In this study an intelligent energy supply system is developed. Energy is obtained by wind or solar radiation and stored to cover the electricity and heat demand of a detached house in Germany. For this a heat pump and a storage tank is used. The simulation shows strategies to integrate renewable energies in different regions of Germany while diminishing the need to turn off a wind turbine or feed energy to the grid. For this, the energy consumption in a single house is modelled. Different wind turbines and PV systems are introduced as an energy source. The profitability of these systems is calculated and compared to conventional systems with gas or oil. The analysis shows that at the moment small wind turbines are a feasible option for cover the energy demand under the given conditions. On the other hand, currently PV plants are not suitable for the heat demand coverage as the specific costs outgo the ones for conventional systems. Further research is necessary to look at different case scenarios, taking into account future climate developments.

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