INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Concerns about fuel security and greenhouse gas emissions are driving increased use of renewable fuels. Biodiesel, a leading renewable fuel used globally, is derived from vegetable oils or animal fats via transesterification with an alcohol to generate mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids [1]. This process is most often carried out with methanol producing fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) [2]. Biodiesel can fuel a compression ignition engine and is commonly used as a blend with diesel fuel. The current ASTM International specification for diesel fuel (D975) includes biodiesel blended to 5% by volume (B5), which is considered equivalent to standard diesel fuel. Blends

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