In determining the Oils and Greases contents (TOG), one of the most important step is the extraction procedure, because at this stage occur the segregation of oils and greases from water produced. It is noteworthy that some samples with low levels of TOG in their composition often are not determined by the standard method of reference. In this case, it is essential the availability of a technique that allows the detection and quantification of these low levels. For this reason, this work aims to optimize the determination of oils and greases using a technique of microwave extraction, followed by the determination in the Infrared Spectrometry through the analyzer Infracal TOG/TPH. The evaluation of the efficiency of the proposed methodology was performed by comparison with the conventional technique whose the extraction of organic matter (oils and greases) is done by manual agitation. However, the basic principle of the technique by microwave radiation is in the process of heating/cooling the sample to promote a more efficient extraction of organic matter. The two techniques were evaluated through the following parameters: sample-solvent proportion and time of extraction at 2, 4 and 6 minutes. According to the comparison of results between them, was observed that the replacement of manual extraction by microwave one was more efficient. Introduction The oils and greases contents (TOG) constitutes in one of the environmental parameters of greatest relevance to the petroleum industry. The limits set for this parameter are recommended by Resolution 393 of August 2007 of CONAMA, which limits oils and greases to the disposal of produced water in platforms must obey to simple arithmetic average monthly concentration of oils and greases up to 29 mg/L with maximum daily value of 42 mg/L. For the monitoring of this parameter is necessary to use effective analytical techniques to assess the possible impacts caused by petrochemical activity. Facing this, emerge studies in order to optimize the determination of TOG in produced water. As a focus of this study, was conducted an evaluation the comparison between two methods of extraction: one by manual technique and the other by the microwave radiation one. According (COELHO, 2002 apud KINGSTON, 1986), the introduction of digesters based on microwave radiation was a major innovation for treatment of samples. The microwave energy is a non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that causes the movement of the species in solution by the migration of ions and/or dipole rotations, caused by the high number of times the electromagnetic field is alternating (ARRUDA, 1997 apd KINGSTON, 1988). Moreover, occur the heating of the exposed material due to radiation MO which is a function of the interaction of electromagnetic wave with the electric dipole of the molecule. When the field is applied, the molecules that have the electric dipole moment tend to align with the field. When the field that led to the orientation of molecular dipoles is removed will occur a dielectric relaxation, in other words, the molecules will tend to return to its previous state, dissipating the absorbed energy as heat. (COUTINHO et al., 2005).

Chemical flooding is a process that improves recovery efficiency based on injection of a chemical system that contains surfactants and polymers. Surfactants are substances that alter the interfacial tension and promote a miscible displacement with residual oil. Polymers decrease the water mobility and, in this process, it is injected after the surfactant injection to promote an immiscible displacement of the micellar bank. Diverse operational and reservoir parameters can influence the micellar injection process. This work analyses the oil recovery efficiency of this process in reservoirs with characteristics of existing reservoirs in the northeast region of Brazil, identifying the optimal applicability parameters and the possible technical viability with these characteristics. The numerical study was done using the commercial software "Stars -CMG" (Computer Modelling Group). The reservoir parameters evaluated were: porosity, permeability, oil viscosity and initial oil saturation, according to some Brazilian northeast reservoirs characteristics, in order to obtain the applicability of the process with these reservoir characteristics, and the optimal application conditions. Then, an analysis of the operational parameters was carried through, with the objective of optimizing the process. The results showed improved recovery efficiencies for diverse reservoir characteristic encountered in the State of "Rio Grande do Norte". For the cases and reservoir conditions studied, the most critical factor that affects the micellar process was initial oil saturation, and the process optimization showed an increase on cumulative oil and on recovery factor. An increase in oil recovery with small costs is the search of petroleum industries together with academic institutions because of uncertain oil price. Therefore, it may be necessary the study of different processes to improve recovery efficiency such as chemical flooding. Introduction Micellar/polymeric solution injection process in oil reservoir is one of chemical methods used at the moment. The method consists on promoting the displacement of the residual oil trapped in the reservoir, through the injection of an aqueous solution with surfactant and polymer. This technology is based on the concept of interfacial tension between two fluids, where the tensoactive agent promote the decrease of this tension among the fluids that are inside the reservoir, favoring the displacement of residual oil with the injected of solution. The procedure consists of injecting the solution with the purpose of forming a fluid bank that displaces the oil with low interfacial tension, see Figure 1. The surfactant is the responsible one for the decrease of the interfacial tension, since it is a substance that adsorbs at the interface between the two liquids. The polymer role in the solution is to promote the decrease of water mobility, since small concentrations of this substance cause a great increase of the water viscosity. The mobility reduction reduces the formation of fingering of the injected solution through the oleic phase ahead.