1 Ten patients with bilateral knee joint effusions were treated topically with a gel containing 1 g diclofenac/100 g (80 mg three times daily). They were randomized to receive diclofenac gel to one knee and a placebo gel preparation to the other knee. 2 Diclofenac was assayed in synovial fluid and blood plasma by GC/ECD as the pentafluorobenzyl-ester derivative. 3 Total concentrations of diclofenac in synovial fluid (day 4) were significantly higher in the diclofenac gel treated knee than in the contralateral placebo treated knee (25.5 ± 3.6 ng ml-1 vs 21.6 ± 2 ng ml-1; P < 0.05). These concentrations were lower than total plasma drug concentrations (40.6 ± 4.7 ng ml-', n = 10, P < 0.01). Unbound concentrations of diclofenac in synovial fluid from either the diclofenac gel treated or the placebo treated knee were not significantly different from each other or from plasma free concentrations (115 ± 16 and 99 ± 12 vs 108 ± 19 pg ml-'). 4 Clinical parameters showed improvement of joint mobility and a small reduction of swelling (circumference) in both knees with time. However, the differences between knees were not significant. 5 We conclude that direct transport of diclofenac from the skin into the ipsilateral knee joint after cutaneous application is minimal. Distribution seems to be predominantly via the blood. Whether the observed improvements of clinical parameters were due to drug effects or to the spontaneous course of the underlying disease cannot be distinguished.
With 195 male rearing calves which received concentrates ad libitum beside fluid feed with milk from their 5th day of life onward, investigations were made if and how far the characteristics of the development of the calves while they are fed on colostrum (body weight at birth, live weight increase and duration of keeping or stalling age) correlate with the hemoglobin content (Hb), the hematocrit (Hc) and the average corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of the animals on the 3rd, 28th resp. 56th day of keeping in the weaning period. There was a significant simple dependence particularly between body weight at birth, live weight increase and stalling age on the one hand and the hematologic values on the 3rd day of keeping in the weaning period on the other. A partial correlation analysis showed that the live weight increase while the calves were fed on colostrum was the main variable for all three hematologic parameters at the beginning of the weaning period of the calves. With increasing live weight, Hb, Hc and MCHC were diminished. This analysis was supplemented by the results of a cross--section investigation of the development of the milk and concentrate consumption and the Fe-intake of the calves fed on colostrum. The calculation of the Fe-balance showed that the mere ad libitum supply with feed supplements rich in Fe cannot prevent Fe-deficiency. Anaemia developing in the first month of the calves' lives is not a physiologic one but essentially caused by Fe-deficiency.
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