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To search for specifically expressed genes during resistant responses against Rhizobium vitis infection from grapevine leaves, the project employed a new and accurate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method using annealing control primers (ACPs) to minimize the incidence of false-positive clones. Twenty ACPs were used to identify and sequence 31 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) searches revealed that 27 of these genes are known. Of the known genes, six were selected and further characterized using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis to assess their specific expression in plants infected with R. vitis. Results of the analysis suggest that the ACP system is a very useful tool for identifying disease resistance-specific genes in grapevines. Further analysis of the cloned differentially expressed genes will provide insights into the molecular basis of disease resistance expression.

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Additional index words. Vitis species, high quality, breeding 'Jinok' ('Delaware' • 'Campbell Early') is a new table grape cultivar showing earlyripening berries with uniform coloring of skin and high quality. 'Jinok' has a mean bud burst on 11 Apr., flowering on 24 May, and fruit maturity on 23 Aug. The mean berry weight is 6.0 g, and mean soluble solids are 16.6°Brix. The skin color is black with abundant bloom and the flesh firmness is soft and juicy. Origin'Jinok' resulted from a cross between and 'Delaware' (Vitis sp.) and 'Campbell Early' (Vitis labruscana) with the intention of producing high-quality table grapes with the flavor of 'Campbell Early' at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), RDA, Korea, in 1983. It was preliminarily selected in 1997, tested in seven sites from 1998 to 2004 as 'Wonkyo RA-12', and named in 2004. Three randomized plots with three vines were planted and tested to evaluate characters of vines and fruit production in each site for 3 years from 2002 to 2004. 'Jinok' has good quality with high total soluble solids (TSS) compared with 'Campbell Early', low titratable acidity, attractive black skin color, abundant bloom, and no skin cracking.