Ixeris dentata var. albiflora is considered as a potential therapeutic agent against mithridatism, calculous, indigestion, pneumonia, hepatitis, and tumors as well as good seasoned vegetable in Far East countries. Phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS) ξ-carotene desaturase (ZDS), lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB), lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE), ε-ring carotene hydroxylase (CHXB), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZDS) are vital enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. We have examined these seven genes from I. dentata that are participated in carotenoid biosynthesis utilizing an Illumina/Solexa HiSeq 2000 platform. In silico analysis of the seven deduced amino acid sequences were revealed its closest homology with other Asteracea plants. Further, we explored transcript levels and carotenoid accumulation in various organs of I. dentata using quantitative real time PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The highest transcript levels were noticed in the leaf for all the genes while minimal levels were noticed in the root. The maximal carotenoid accumulation was also detected in the leaf. We proposed that these genes expressions are associated with the accumulation of carotenoids. Our findings may suggest the fundamental clues to unravel the molecular insights of carotenoid biosynthesis in various organs of I. dentata.
We
profiled and quantified primary (amine, organic acids, tricarboxylic
acid cycle intermediates, amino acids, and carbohydrates) and secondary
metabolites (triterpenoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, flavonoids,
and anthocyanins) in the edible parts (leaves and fruits) of the diploid
and tetraploid cultivar Morus alba L. ‘Cheongil.’
Through comprehensive metabolic profiling, the tetraploid mulberry
cultivar was able to produce diverse metabolites supported by higher
accumulation patterns of primary and secondary metabolites in their
edible parts. In particular, the edible parts of the tetraploid showed
higher accumulation patterns of most metabolites (amino acids, carbohydrates,
carotenoids, and anthocyanins) than the diploid, which was supported
by the results of principal component analyses (PCAs) showing a clear
separation between the diploid and tetraploid groups. Additionally,
this metabolome study comprehensively described the correlation between
primary and secondary metabolites in the edible parts of diploid and
tetraploid mulberry cultivars and provided information useful for
plant breeding strategies to improve metabolite biosynthesis using
polyploidy.
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