Ni supported on calcined ceria nitrate catalyst is highly active and stable for low-temperature CO 2 methanation reaction (CO 2 conversion: 70% at 180 °C, 0.05 bar, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 14 400 L kg −1 h −1 ). We investigated CO 2 adsorption and CO 2 + H 2 reaction on the surface of Ni/CeO 2 and Ni/CeO 2−x catalysts to examine the structure and strength of adsorbed species using diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). At temperature of 180 °C, weakly adsorbed bridged carbonate was generated on the surface of CeO 2−x support by new active sites of oxygen vacancies created by addition of H 2 . High reducibility of Ni/CeO 2−x catalyst played an important role in increasing low-temperature CO 2 methanation catalytic activity.

The effect of metal–support interaction and role of support on catalytic performances during Ni based CO2 methanation reaction were investigated.

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Aims: Investigate the impact of highly adapted bacterial strains and their ability in waste degradation under a wide range of temperatures. Methods and Results: Bacteria isolated from soil and food waste were grown in various media under fluctuated temperatures. After screening for organic compound degradation, the seven strongest bacterial strains have been selected for further experiments. Their enzyme activities were expressed in terms of the size of the hydrolysis zone in a wide temperature range of 2•5-70°C. The enzyme production assay was carried out for each protease, cellulase and amylase. The waste degradation was determined with a maximum 80% decrease in the volume of food waste in 21 days compared to the control in lab scale with enriched bacterial cultures and soil bacteria as additives at room temperature around 18-20°C. Conclusion:These seven bacteria are promising candidates for food waste biodegradation in composting especially in the winter without heating expense for maintaining ambient temperature.Significance and Impact of the Study: It is necessary to coax the uncultured bacteria from the various environments into the laboratory for investigating their valuable functions. Herein, using enrichment culture of consortium and additive of soil has illustrated the significant mean in food waste degradation.

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