Level III-case-control study.

Purpose While the femoral deformity in post slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) hips has been implicated in the development of femoral acetabular impingement, little has been studied about the acetabular side. The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of morphologic changes suggestive of acetabular retroversion in patients who have sustained a SCFE. Methods IRB approval was obtained and the records of patients from 1975 to 2010 were searched for ICD-9 codes for SCFE. A total of 188 patients were identified for the study. Two observers evaluated AP radiographs for evidence of acetabular retroversion as characterized by the presence of either an ischial spine sign or a crossover sign. Demographic data, date of onset, and treatment were recorded. For analysis, the right hip was used in patients with bilateral involvement. Results Of the 188 patients identified, 5 patients had an incorrect diagnosis and 41 patients had missing or inadequate films, leaving 142 patients (284 hips) for review. 57 patients (114 hips) had bilateral SCFE and 85 patients had unilateral SCFE. 79 % (n = 45) of the right hips with bilateral SCFE and 82 % (n = 70) of the unilateral involved hips had at least one sign of retroversion. Uninvolved hips had at least one sign of retroversion 76 % (n = 65) of the time.Conclusions When compared to previously published values for normal patients, patients with SCFE appear to have an increased incidence of acetabular retroversion.

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare systemic inflammatory granulomatous disease marked by severe and often rapidly progressive polyarticular arthritis and cutaneous papulonodules. Initial clinical diagnosis may be difficult. We describe a 2-year-old girl presenting with pink dermal papules on the forehead, thighs, elbows, knees, and palms of the hands. Based on clinical findings and skin biopsy results, she was initially diagnosed with granuloma annulare. At 5 years of age, she developed arthritis, fatigue, and more widespread skin papules leading to the diagnosis of MRH. To our knowledge, this is the youngest individual with MRH yet described. We outline the timeline and unique features of her case and review the literature pertaining to MRH in children. Although rare, MRH can be permanently debilitating, making prompt diagnosis critical. A standardized approach to investigation and management needs to be developed.

Background: Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) can result in early contact with the health care system and be distressing for patients and their families. The natural history of ITW is poorly characterized. Deciding how and when to intervene can be difficult. Patient-reported outcomes are utilized in the clinical setting to assess patient factors and indications that may better inform treatment plans. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is an instrument designed to collect patient-reported outcomes. Minimum clinically important differences in PROMIS metrics have been established to facilitate clinical relevance and utility of these metrics. The purpose of this study was to characterize the patient perspective of ITW by utilizing the PROMIS scores. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed to identify children aged 5 to 17 with a diagnosis of ITW treated at a single tertiary care center between 2017 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of ITW and completion of a PROMIS questionnaire. Exclusion criteria were neurologic disease, autism, and previous surgical treatment. Demographic, physical exam, treatment, and available motion analysis data were collected. PROMIS scores for the following domains were available: Mobility, Peer Relationships, and Pain Interference. Results: Forty-five children were enrolled. Seventy-three percent of PROMIS scores were patient reported while the remainder were parent reported. PROMIS score means for the cohort by domain were Mobility: 45.2±8.2 (P<0.000); Peer Relationships: 46.4±11.6 (P=0.047); and Pain Interference: 47.4±9.5 (P=0.67). Motion analysis data, available for 11 children, noted age-matched gait velocity negatively correlated (r s=−0.652, P=0.03) with Peer Relationships. No correlations were found between other aspects of gait, body mass index, or limitations in dorsiflexion and PROMIS domains. Parents reported lower Mobility scores than children did. There were no other significant differences between patient-reported and parent-reported PROMIS scores. PROMIS scores did not differ significantly between those <10 years and those ≥10 years. Conclusion: In this cohort of 45 otherwise healthy children without other neurologic diagnoses, there are both clinically and statistically significant differences in PROMIS means between our cohort and the healthy age-matched population. These differences manifested in worse peer relationships and mobility scores. Level of Evidence: Level IV.

Background: Idiopathic torsional deformities causing pain and/or functional difficulty is an indication for a femoral derotational osteotomy (FDRO). Past studies have focused entirely on children with internal femoral torsional deformity (IFTD). This study aims to compare gait and outcomes between children with IFTD and those with external femoral torsional deformity (EFTD) after a FDRO. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent an FDRO between 1997 and 2020 at our institution. Data on typically developing (TD) children with no torsional deformity was used as a control group. We analyzed preoperative and postoperative standardized physical examination, 3-dimensional gait analysis, and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument questionnaires. Results: There were 54 patients in total (IFTD = 37, EFTD = 17) and 20 patients in the control group. The EFTD cohort was older (IFTD = 11.7, EFTD = 14.7, P < 0.05) and had a higher body mass index both preoperatively (IFTD = 21.1 kg/m 2 , EFTD = 32.1 kg/m 2 , P < 0.05) and postoperatively (IFTD = 20.2 kg/m 2 , EFTD = 34.1 kg/m 2 , P < 0.05). Preoperatively, 3-dimensional gait analysis elicited mean hip rotation in stance was more internal for IFTD cohort (10.8 degrees) and external for the EFTD cohort (−17.8 degrees) in comparison to the TD (2.4 degrees, P < 0.001). Postoperatively, dynamic mean hip rotation during stance was −1.4 degrees for IFTD, whereas for EFTD, it was −5.4 degrees, which was different to the TD (P < 0.05). The IFTD group's Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument improved for transfer/basic mobility, sports/ physical function, global functioning, and satisfaction with symptoms (P < 0.05). The EFTD group that only reported an improvement with the satisfaction with symptoms after surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Adolescents with surgically corrected IFTD show more improvement in gait and in patient-reported outcomes than those with surgically corrected EFTD. Children with EFTD persist in external rotation and have less satisfactory patientreported outcomes after a FDRO in comparison those with IFTD.