AbstractResearch Purpose. This article examined critical thinking skills amongst senior-level undergraduate students in a Middle East setting, Kuwait. In addition, the study investigated the gender differences.Methodology. The subjects involved in this study comprised a convenience sample of 90 graduating seniors. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of two motivational factors on the development of critical thinking skills. The analysis used the specific subsection about critical thinking skills, which is part of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). One factor relates the sense of entitlement that can arise in a welfare state, which heavily subsidises a wide range of things for citizens, including education. We examined differences between citizens and non-citizens, who do not have access to welfare benefits.Findings. The results supported the hypotheses that student groups have different levels of critical thinking skills. We found that expatriate students had more highly developed critical thinking skills than students who were Kuwaiti citizens. We also found that women had more highly developed critical thinking skills than men had.Practical Implications. The welfare state measures undertaken by the government of Kuwait may be counterproductive. The guaranteed employment of its citizens and generous monetary support whilst in school may discourage the development of critical thinking skills. Future research could focus on ways to motivate particular groups (e.g. Kuwaiti men) to enhance their critical thinking skills.

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This article examines management of accountancy education in Zambia and Zimbabwe, two countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both programs are collaborative efforts to manage the link between the accounting profession, governments of emerging economies and incountry postgraduate training facilities. Both programs are designed to promote the study of accounting at a level recognized by the international accountancy profession.The programs are being developed in the context of World Bank research, which confirms linkage between economic growth and an appropriately trained accounting profession, and recognizes the need for economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.

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