Background: Diarrhea is common in foals but there are no studies investigating the relative prevalence of common infectious agents in a population of hospitalized diarrheic foals.Objectives: To determine the frequency of detection of infectious agents in a population of hospitalized foals with diarrhea and to determine if detection of specific pathogens is associated with age, outcome, or clinicopathologic data.Animals: Two hundred and thirty-three foals 10 months of age with diarrhea examined at a referral institution. Methods: Retrospective case series. Each foal was examined for Salmonella spp., viruses, Clostridium difficile toxins, Clostridium perfringens culture, C. perfringens enterotoxin, Cryptosporidium spp., and metazoan parasites in feces collected at admission or at the onset of diarrhea.Results: At least 1 infectious agent was detected in 122 foals (55%). Rotavirus was most frequently detected (20%) followed by C. perfringens (18%), Salmonella spp. (12%), and C. difficile (5%). Foals o 1 month of age were significantly more likely to be positive for C. perfringens (odds ratio [OR] 5 15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5 3.5-66) or to have negative fecal diagnostic results (OR 5 3.0, 95% CI 5 1.7-5.2) than older foals. Foals 4 1 month of age were significantly more likely to have Salmonella spp. (OR 5 2.6, 95% CI 5 1.2-6.0), rotavirus (OR 5 13.3, 95% CI 5 5.3-33), and parasites (OR 5 23, 95% CI 5 3.1-185) detected compared with younger foals. Overall 191 of the 223 foals (87%) survived. The type of infectious agent identified in the feces or bacteremia was not significantly associated with survival.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In the population studied, foals with diarrhea had a good prognosis regardless of which infectious agent was identified in the feces.

CVCM should be a differential diagnosis in older horses with cervical myelopathy. Articular process osteophytes are the most frequently identified cause of spinal cord compression in this group. Male horses and horses of warmblood or Tennessee Walking Horse breeds may be predisposed to this condition.

The potential risks versus benefits of phenylephrine administration should be evaluated carefully, especially In old horses.

CVCM should be a differential diagnosis in older horses with cervical myelopathy. Articular process osteophytes are the most frequently identified cause of spinal cord compression in this group. Male horses and horses of warmblood or Tennessee Walking Horse breeds may be predisposed to this condition.

Resolution of NSE by rolling was not significantly affected by premedication with PE in the population studied.