Recently, many tourist companies and hotels have lost its credibility which adversely affects customer's confidence, trust, experience, satisfaction, preference, and choice of a tourist company or hotel. Moreover, the term trustworthiness was discussed in some studies to clarify its impact on customers' attitudes and their purchasing decisions, but this is not sufficient, as this topic needs more extensive studies to fill this scientific gap. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct extensive studies investigating the effect of trustworthiness on customers' choices, preferences, satisfaction, and loyalty. From this perspective, the study seeks to measure the role of trustworthiness in achieving customers' loyalty in the tourism and hotel sectors. This research reports the findings of a questionnaire from 369 customers (188 hotel customers and 181 tourist company customers). This survey consisted of 16 items based on a five-point Likert scale technique ranging from: "strongly disagree" (1); to "strongly agree" (5) was used to measure trustworthiness drivers and customer loyalty factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Six hypotheses were verified, and all of them were supported by hotel customers' perspectives, but regarding the perspectives of tourist companies' customers, only four of them were supported. The results reveal that all dimensions of trustworthiness have a significant impact on customers' loyalty in the hotel sector. Meanwhile, two drivers of trustworthiness (expertise and competence; and benevolence) have a significant impact on customers' loyalty in tourist companies.

The aim of this paper is to: a) provide an overview of Education for sustainability (EfS), b) discuss the importance of implementing sustainability into education at the Egyptian tourism and hotel management faculties, c) explain the necessary changes within the curricula and teaching strategies and d) provide a framework for understanding Education for sustainability (EfS) in Tourism. The paper is built on the following hypotheses: a) Integrating sustainability into the curricula of tourism and hotel management faculties plays a major role in developing the Egyptian education system. b) Applying education for sustainability in tourism and hotels faculties will lead to socially and environmentally responsible generations The research relied on, semi structured interviews with staff of different faculties of tourism and hotel management and a questionnaire form distributed to graduates who had completed tourism studies, tourism guidance and hotel management programs (November/ 2018: January/ 2019). Relevant recommendations are made.

People all over the world are facing many problems, challenges and pressures. Therefore, they need to take spiritual vacations because this helps them to think better, make the right decisions and gain inner peace, happiness, and relaxation. Spiritual tourism can be regarded as a broad, general and comprehensive term compared to religious tourism. Spiritual tourism is not related to a particular religion. It aims to connect body, mind, and spirit together, provide clear purpose and meaning to life, enhance interpersonal relationships and obtain inspiration, entertainment, and learning. Spiritual tourism can be an important tool for cultural exchange; dialogue; mutual understanding; tolerance; respect for local traditions, spiritual values, cultural heritage; acceptance of others and responsible use of natural resources and cultural assets which is considered the basic pillars of sustainability. The aim of the research is to investigate spiritual tourists' behavior and to explore sustainable spiritual tourism in Egypt: Applied to the Red Sea monasteries in Egypt (The Monastery of St. Anthony and the Monastery of St. Paul) as spiritual tourism sites. In this context, a mixed methodology has been implemented, which includes distributing a questionnaire forms to tourists, in addition to conducting semi-structured interviews with ten experts in tourism and heritage. The results revealed that, spiritual tourism in Egypt has not been adequately marketed; the internet and social media are among the best ways to promote spiritual tourism in Egypt; and spiritual tourism can be a very useful tool in achieving sustainability.