30Assembly of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat involves over 80 protein components, 31 which self-organize into a basal layer, a lamellar inner coat, a striated electrondense outer 32 coat and a more external crust. CotB is an abundant component of the outer coat. Its C-33 terminal moiety contains a region, termed SKR B , formed by a series of serine-rich repeats, 34 which we show is phosphorylated by the coat-associated Ser/Thr kinase CotH at multiple 35 Ser residues. Another coat protein, CotG, which contains a central repeat region, SKR G , 36interacts with the C-terminal moiety of CotB and promotes its phosphorylation by CotH in 37 vivo and in a heterologous system. CotG itself is phosphorylated by CotH but 38 phosphorylation is enhanced in the absence of CotB. Spores of a cotH D288A strain, 39producing an inactive form of the kinase, like those formed by a cotG deletion mutant, lack 40 the characteristic pattern of electrondense outer coat striations, while retaining the crust. 41Specifically, in the absence of CotG or CotH activity, most of the outer coat proteins are 42 assembled but form a layer of amorphous material that peels-off the spore if crust 43 formation is genetically ablated. In contrast, deletion of the SKR B region, has no major 44 impact on the structure of the outer coat. Thus, phosphorylation of CotG by CotH is the 45 principal factor establishing the structural pattern of the spore outer coat. The presence of 46 the cotB/cotH/cotG cluster in several species closely related to B. subtilis and of cotG-like 47