No abstract

Background and Purpose-With the progress in stroke prevention, it is important to evaluate the epidemiological trends of strokes over a long period and from a nonselected population-based perspective. Methods-We estimated changes in incidence, case-fatality rates, severity, risk factors and prestroke use of preventive treatments for first-ever strokes, from a continuous 20-year well-defined population-based registry, from 1985 to 2004. Results-We recorded 3142 ischemic strokes, 341 primary cerebral hemorrhages and 74 subarachnoid hemorrhages.During the 20-year study, the age at first stroke onset increased by 5 years in men and 8 years in women. Comparing the 1985 to 1989 and the 2000 to 2004 periods, age-and sex-standardized incidences of first-ever strokes were stable except for lacunar strokes whose incidence significantly increased (Pϭ0.01) and for cardioembolic stroke whose incidence significantly decreased (Pϭ0.01). Twenty-eight-day case-fatality rates decreased significantly mainly for lacunar strokes (Pϭ0.05) and for primary cerebral hemorrhages (Pϭ0.03). The proportion of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes significantly increased (PϽ0.01). In contrast, the proportion of myocardial infarction significantly decreased (Pϭ0.02). Prestroke antiplatelets and anticoagulants treatment significantly increased (PϽ0.01). Conclusions-The age-and sex-standardized incidences of first strokes in Dijon have been stable over the past 20 years and were associated with an increase in age at stroke onset, a decrease in case-fatality rates, and an increased use of antiplatelet treatments.

Multiple factors may account for the increased incidence of ischaemic stroke in people aged <55 years including changes in vascular risk factors, better awareness of the disease and treatment options in the population and among practitioners leading to more frequent referrals for specialised care, and improvements in stroke diagnosis. Stroke prevention must be encouraged even in young adults.

Incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage over the past three decades is reported as stable. This disappointing finding is questionable and suggests that any reduction in intracerebral haemorrhage incidence associated with improvements in primary prevention, namely, better control of blood pressure, might have been offset by an increase in cases of intracerebral haemorrhage owing to other factors, including the use of antithrombotic drugs in the ageing population. Therefore, we aimed to analyse trends in intracerebral haemorrhage incidence from 1985 to 2008 in the population-based registry of Dijon, France, taking into consideration the intracerebral haemorrhage location, the effect of age and the changes in the distribution of risk factors and premorbid treatments. Incidence rates were calculated and temporal trends were analysed by age groups (<60, 60-74 and ≥75 years) and intracerebral haemorrhage location (lobar or deep) according to study periods 1985-92, 1993-2000 and 2001-08. Over the 24 years of the study, 3948 patients with first-ever stroke were recorded. Among these, 441 had intracerebral haemorrhage (48.3% male), including 49% lobar, 37% deep, 9% infratentorial and 5% of undetermined location. Mean age at onset increased from 67.3 ± 15.9 years to 74.7 ± 16.7 years over the study period (P < 0.001). Overall crude incidence was 12.4/100,000/year (95% confidence interval: 11.2-13.6) and remained stable over time. However, an ∼80% increase in intracerebral haemorrhage incidence among people aged ≥75 years was observed between the first and both second and third study periods, contrasting with a 50% decrease in that in individuals aged <60 years, and stable incidence in those aged 60-74 years. This result was attributed to a 2-fold increase in lobar intracerebral haemorrhage in the elderly, concomitantly with an observed rise in the premorbid use of antithrombotics at this age, whatever the intracerebral haemorrhage location considered. In conclusion, intracerebral haemorrhage profiles have changed in the past 20 years, suggesting that some bleeding-prone vasculopathies in the elderly are more likely to bleed when antithrombotic drugs are used, as illustrated by the rise in the incidence of lobar intracerebral haemorrhage in the elderly, in which cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be strongly implicated. Future research should focus on the impact and management of antithrombotics in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, which may differ according to the underlying vessel disease.