On montre que l'on peut rendre compte de l'amorçage d'une fissure en utilisant uniquement la notion de minimum relatif de l'énergie globale, les critères d'amorçage obtenus dépendant du choix de la forme de l'énergie. En particulier dans le cas d'une énergie de volume élastique et d'une énergie de surface dépendant du saut de déplacement, le critère d'amorçage obtenu est un critère en contraintes du type courbe intrinsèque.
Tidal turbine will be installed in area with high current and high turbulence level. A characterisation of this last is required. The aim of the project THYMOTE is to characterize and understand the generation of eddies from smaller to several tens of meters. Three technics are used: Numerical modelling, Physical modelling, field measurements. Physical and numerical modelling show clearly the appearance of the eddies close to the bottom in presence of dunes or rocks and their motion towards the free surface.
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