This article deals with the possibility of ascribing passions to states in Thomas Hobbes's political theory. According to Hobbes, the condition of sovereign states vis-à-vis one another is comparable to that of individuals in the state of nature, namely, a state of war. Consequently, the three causes of war (competition, diffidence, and glory) identified in chapter 13 of Leviathan could also be relevant to interstate relations. Since these war triggers are mainly passions, one could presume that state action is motivated by passions as well. Some argue that it is just a figurative way of speaking. Others claim that the passions of war affect only sovereign rulers. I explore an alternative answer based on the ability of sovereigns to direct the preexisting passions of their people.
Resumen. El propósito del presente trabajo consiste en explicar por qué Hobbes adopta una perspectiva corporativista para dar cuenta de la dinámica social y política que opera al interior del Leviatán. En concreto, intentaremos demostrar cómo el ordenamiento de la sociedad política en sistemas conducidos por representantes le permite a Hobbes establecer ciertas pautas en el desenvolvimiento de los conflictos públicos, fundamentalmente, la asignación de responsabilidades. A su vez, como hipótesis subsidiaria, argüiremos que el rol de la teoría de la representación es central en la medida en que Hobbes no pretende eliminar la disputa política como tal, sino tan sólo deshacerse de su modalidad irregular. Palabras clave: Corporaciones; representación; responsabilidad; conflicto; regularidad.[en] The other side of Hobbesian corporations: political responsibility and regular conflict Abstract. This paper intends to explain why Hobbes adopts a corporatist perspective in order to account for the social and political dynamics of the Leviathan. Specifically, we will attempt to demonstrate that the ordering of the political society in the form of systems conducted by representatives enables Hobbes to establish certain rules in the development of public conflicts. That is to say, in essence, the ascription of accountability. Furthermore, as a subsidiary hypothesis, it will be argued that the centrality of the theory of representation is a result of Hobbes' aim to erase, not political conflict as such, but only its irregular setup.
En este artículo nos dedicaremos a examinar un problema hermenéutico que suscita el capítulo XI del Leviatán de Hobbes. A saber: ¿Por qué el autor desiste de calificar el atentado de los senadores liderados por Bruto contra Julio César como el resultado de una conspiración? ¿Por qué en lugar de hablar de la acción colectiva de un grupo organizado se refiere a una “multitud de acciones realizadas por una multitud de hombres”? Con el fin de desentrañar esta paradoja, analizaremos la categoría de “facción” desarrollada por Hobbes. Tras constatar que la conspiración republicana se explica con facilidad mediante dicho concepto y que se adecúa mal a la de una multitud irregular, pasaremos a indagar si la clave de esa lectura puede encontrarse en sus fuentes. Mientras que Plutarco es inequívoco respecto del estatuto conspirador del grupo, Shakespeare sí problematiza el asunto. En correspondencia, argüiremos que Hobbes pudo haber tenido en consideración el tratamiento de Shakespeare para negar el carácter colectivo de la acción conspiradora contra César.
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