Published evidence of the efficacy and safety of l-carnitine as an antidote for acute valproic acid overdose is limited. Based on the available evidence, it is reasonable to consider l-carnitine for patients with acute overdose of valproic acid who demonstrate decreased level of consciousness. We recommend intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg once, followed by infusions of 50 mg/kg (to a maximum of 3 g per dose) every 8 hours thereafter, continuing until ammonia levels are decreasing (if they were elevated initially) and the patient demonstrates signs of clinical improvement or until adverse events associated with l-carnitine occur.

Contrary to prior belief, studies included in our review did not show universally low penetration of vancomycin into CSF. CSF vancomycin levels were variable and did not predict clinical cure.

In this sample, the mnemonic FASTHUG-MAIDENS was a useful tool to facilitate the capture of DRPs by pharmacy residents working in the ICU.

Meropenem alternative dosing strategies provide similar pharmacodynamic target attainment rates compared with traditional dosing strategies. Small doses with shorter interval dosing provide additional pharmacoeconomic benefits and similar clinical outcomes. Alternative dosing strategies for meropenem were largely studied in healthy subjects; individuals with pharmacokinetic parameters that differ significantly may be ideal subjects for empiric dose modification.