The public reporting buitlen for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regaiding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of infonnation, including suggestions for reducing this buidcn, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstarrding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid 0MB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YY) SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER(S)AFRL-VA-WP-TP-2003-303 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESTo be presented at the Conference on Decision and Control, Maui, HI, 9-12 Dec 03. © 2003 IEEE. This work is copyrighted. This work, resulting from Department of Air Force contract number F33615-01-C-3149, has been submitted for publication in the Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. If published, IEEE may assert copyright. If so, the United States has for itself and others acting on its behalf an unlimited, nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up royalty-free worldwide license to use for its purposes. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 Words)This paper explores low observablity flight path planning of unmanned air vehicles in the presence of radar detection systems. The probability of detection model of an aircraft near enemy radar depends on aircraft attitude, range, and configuration. A detection model is coupled with a simplified aircraft dynamics model. The Nonlinear Trajectory Generation (NTG) software package developed at Caltech is used. NTG algorithm is a gradient descent optimization method that combines three technologies: Bsplines, output space collocation and nonlinear optimization tools. Implementations are formulated with temporal consfraints that allow periods of high observablity interspersed with periods of low observablity. Illusfrative examples of optimized routes for low observablity are presented. SUBJECT TERMSTrajectory Generation, Path Planning, Low-Observable, UAV, RADAR, Probability of Detection AbstractThis paper explores low observability flight path planning of unmanned air vehicles in the presence of radar detection systems. The probability of detection model of an aircraft near an enemy radar depends on aircraft attitude, range, and configuration. A detection model is coupled with a simplified aircraft dynamics model. The Nonlinear Trajectory Generation (NTG) software package developed at Caltech is used. NTG algorithm is a gradient desce...

Abstmct-This paper focuses on the problem of providing real-time, closed-loop feedback control of Joint Air Operations (JAO) via near-optimal mission assignments. For this application, a rollout algorithm is employed which is based on the theory of stochastic dynamic programming. The primary benefits of this technology are agile and stable control of distributed stochastic systems. The rollout algorithm is applied t o a small JAO scenario that includes limited assets, risk/reward that is dependent on mission composition, basic threat avoidance routing, and multiple targets, some of which are fleeting and emerging. Simulation results illustrate the benefits of the closed-loop feedback control. It is shown that the rollout strategy provides statistically significant performance improvements over an open-loop feedback strategy that uses the same baseline heuristic. The performance improvements are attributed t o the fact that the rollout algorithm was able t o learn near-optimal behaviors that were not modeled in the baseline heuristic.

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