Landscape Ecology using GIS is applied to understand the effects of forest fragmentation and makes it feasible mainly for extensive areas, through the possibility of analyzing both the variety of units that compose it in time. This study aims to analyze the land use and coverage of tropical dry forests and to characterize their landscape structure in an area of the municipality of Floresta, Pernambuco, Brazil, in order to understand how the landscape configuration can influence the conservation. Orbital images were used from LANDSAT, and the classification was performed in the QGIS 2.18 software using the Maximum Likelihood methodification, for the years of 2007 and 2017. A circular buffer was incorporated around the area of study to analyze the structural patterns in the context of the landscape. Five thematic classes were used: dense vegetation, sparse vegetation, exposed soil, grassland, and water. The metrics were obtained through the Patch Analyst tool only to the class of dense vegetation. It is noted that much of the dense vegetation has become sparse. There was a reduction of exposed soil and an increase in grassland areas, which may indicate a regeneration process of the vegetation. The fragments of dense vegetation with more substantial dimensions are on constant exploratory actions and are the most affected with the reduction of size. Furthermore, climatic factors, periods of drought, and the presence of livestock may also affect the fragmentation of dense vegetation patches. Therefore, the landscape became heterogeneous, and a tendency was observed to increase the fragmentation, mainly in the more significant spots.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial-temporal dynamics of land-use and coverage in the Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada (PEPS) and its landscape, located in Resende and Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro. Orbital images of the Landsat platform were obtained for the years 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015. NDVI was calculated for each year, and its amplitude described the classes of land-use and coverage in water bodies, urban area, exposed soil, grassland and forest. For landscape analysis, a 3-km radius buffer was incorporated, delimiting the Buffer Zone (BZ). The forest class was the largest in all years, but there was a reduction in its area over time, especially in BZ. An increase was observed in the grassland and urban areas when comparing the years 1995 and 2015, where the urban area doubled its territory. Intense anthropic activity explains this transition as livestock activities began to be used for urban sprawl. The increase in deforested areas in the region, due to pressures such as tourism, real estate speculation, farming and agriculture, drives the fragmentation process that may affect the diversity of flora and fauna present in PEPS. Dinâmica da paisagem e seus impactos na Floresta Atlântica no Sudeste do BrasilRESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dinâmica espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura da terra no Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada (PEPS), e sua paisagem, localizada em Resende e Itatiaia, no Rio de Janeiro. Imagens orbitais da plataforma Landsat foram obtidas para os anos de 1985, 1995, 2005 e 2015. O NDVI foi calculado para cada ano, e sua amplitude descreveu as classes de uso e cobertura da terra em corpos de água, área urbana, solo exposto, pastagem e Floresta. Para análise da paisagem, um buffer com raio de 3 km foi incorporado delimitando a Zona de Amortecimento (ZA). A classe Floresta foi a maior classe em todos os anos, mas houve uma redução em sua área ao longo do tempo, principalmente na ZA. Observou-se um aumento nas pastagens e áreas urbanas quando comparados os de 1995 e 2015, onde a área urbana dobrou sua área. A intensa atividade antrópica explica essa transição à medida que as atividades pecuárias começaram a ser utilizadas para a expansão urbana. O aumento das áreas desmatadas na região, devido a pressões como turismo, especulação imobiliária, agricultura e agricultura, impulsiona o processo de fragmentação que pode afetar a diversidade de flora e fauna presentes no PEPS.Palavras-chave: zona de amortecimento; uso e cobertura do solo; área protegida Landscape dynamics and its impacts in the Atlantic Forest area of Southeastern Brazil Rev. Bras. Cienc. Agrar., Recife, v.15, n.1, e6971, 2020 2/8