This article analyses fiscal consolidation policy in federal Belgium in the period 2009–14, until the initial 2014 budget. It relies on documentary analysis and interviews to examine the intensity, content and decision-making process of this policy. Explanations for this particular fiscal consolidation policy are looked for in the macro-economic context, the political-administrative system, and external influences. We find generally modest budget cutbacks punctuated by an exceptionally significant budget exercise. This pattern is best explained by the tensions within the Belgian political-administration, generating policy continuity, and by external pressure, that allowed policymakers to overcome these tensions. Points for practitioners Beyond providing insight into the specifics of fiscal consolidation in federal Belgium, this article allows a better understanding of why governments engage in fiscal consolidation the way they do. Emphasizing that fiscal consolidation is an essentially political process influenced by national and international factors, our analysis helps practitioners to understand how national and international arguments can be mobilized in national political contexts to trigger policy changes.
This article supports the Flemish Government's efforts to improve the efficiency in the public sector, but points out that efficiency has to be considered in the broader context of a well-performing and well-functioning public sector. After describing the main motives for efficiency improvement, the article provides some insights into the concept of public sector efficiency gains. Within the discussion of their required characteristics, we focus mainly on the measurability and auditability conditions. We employ a phased approach for the measurement process of efficiency gains, going from the identification of potential savings to the reporting of the actual achieved results.
Dans le présent article, nous analysons la politique d’assainissement des finances publiques en Belgique fédérale au cours de la période comprise entre 2009 et 2014, jusqu’au premier budget 2014. Notre étude s’appuie sur une analyse documentaire et des entretiens pour examiner l’intensité et le contenu de cette politique, de même que le processus décisionnel connexe. Nous rechercherons des explications à cette politique d’assainissement des finances publiques dans le contexte macroéconomique, le système politico-administratif et les influences extérieures. On observe, d’une manière générale, des coupes budgétaires modestes, ponctuées d’un exercice budgétaire exceptionnellement important. Cette tendance s’explique par les tensions présentes dans l’administration politique belge, qui génèrent une continuité stratégique, ainsi que par la pression externe, qui a permis aux décideurs de venir à bout de manière ponctuelle de ces tensions. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Outre les éclairages qu’il apporte sur les particularités de la politique d’assainissement des finances publiques en Belgique fédérale, le présent article permet de mieux comprendre pourquoi les gouvernements se lancent comme ils le font dans l’assainissement de leurs finances. Notre analyse indique que l’assainissement des finances publiques est un processus essentiellement politique, influencé par des facteurs nationaux et internationaux, et elle permet aux praticiens de comprendre comment tirer parti d’arguments nationaux et internationaux dans des contextes politiques nationaux pour déclencher des changements stratégiques.
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