Longitudinal research is well suited for investigating phenomena that change over time. With the growing acceptance of mixed methods, researchers are combining qualitative and quantitative approaches within longitudinal research. However, little attention has been paid to how researchers integrate longitudinal mixed methods databases. The purpose of this methodological review was to describe how researchers combine mixed methods and longitudinal approaches in practice and delineate dimensions and issues inherent within these complex designs. We examined published empirical studies from the health sciences that self-identified as longitudinal and mixed methods. Our results identify major dimensions, variations, and issues for designing longitudinal mixed methods research and suggest recommendations for researchers interested in using this complex approach. Keywords mixed methods designs, longitudinal research, repeated measures, procedural issues, health sciencesResearchers in the educational, social, and health sciences are using increasingly complex mixed methods designs. The longitudinal mixed methods design, in which researchers combine qualitative and quantitative approaches with longitudinal research, is an example of one such complex approach identified in the literature . While longitudinal approaches are well suited for investigating phenomena that change over time such as developmental processes, responses to interventions, and societal trends, they present many challenges. Notably, the authors of this article are increasingly engaged with the methodological issues associated with longitudinal mixed methods approaches as experienced within our own research

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