[1] We investigate experimentally the functional relationship between capillary pressure, P c , wetting phase saturation, S w , and interfacial area per volume between the wetting and nonwetting phases, a wn , for drainage and imbibition processes in micromodels of twodimensional pore structures. Within the experimental and analysis error (around 10-15%), the resulting P c -S w -a wn surfaces were the same. This suggests that data obtained from either the drainage process or the imbibition process are sufficient to generate the complete functional relationship among P c -S w -a wn and that the observed hysteresis in P c -S w -a wn can be modeled by including interfacial area as an additional state variable.

No abstract

We review important challenges in microseismic monitoring and interpretation of the microseismic events. We start with locations of microseismic events and the impact of temporal changes in velocity during hydraulic fracturing and consider effects of uncertainty in deviation surveys on both downhole and surface monitoring. We continue with source mechanism inversion affected by low and high frequency signal from microseismic events. Finally, we discuss inversion of corner frequency and its reliability in the presence of complex tube waves. Where available, we suggest potential solutions for these challenges.

No abstract