No abstract

Research has shown that fear associated with ongoing terrorism threat can manifest as terrorism catastrophization (TC), however, factors that predict or moderate TC remain under investigated.The current study investigated whether death anxiety and prejudice significantly predicted TC, and whether perceived control, religiosity, and meaning in life moderated such predictors. Using multiple hierarchical regression analysis (N 5 382), the study's predictor hypotheses were both supported: death anxiety and prejudice significantly predicted TC. No moderators significantly altered death anxiety's predictability of TC. However, when examining the relationship between prejudice and TC, both religiosity and meaning in life significantly positively moderated the effect of prejudice on TC: perceived control was nonsignificant. Findings from the current study could inform TC reduction techniques by reducing death anxiety and prejudice.

Aims:The aims of the current study were to: (i) report on the diagnostic profile of a group of children assessed for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) using the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD; and (ii) to provide information and recommendations for paediatricians and/or multidisciplinary teams conducting FASD assessments, including utilising the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD, and details of how to do FASD assessment. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted using relevant demographic and diagnostic data from children assessed for FASD within a community child development service. Results: Results showed the widespread impact of FASD on the brain, with all children showing some level of impairment in at least 5 out of 10 of the neurodevelopmental domains assessed for FASD. Majority of children were diagnosed with co-morbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, however, many additional co-morbid diagnoses were evident. Conclusions: The current study detailed the profile of children assessed for FASD and was the first to report the diagnostic profile of children assessed using the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD within a community child development service. Several recommendations are provided to assist paediatricians and multidisciplinary teams involved in child development assessments.

Background: Early diagnosis of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) assists in implementing critical early support. The challenge lies in having a diagnostic process that enables valid and reliable assessment of domains of functioning in young children, with the added complexity that many children will also have co-occurring exposure to childhood adversity that is likely to impact these domains. Methods:The aim of this study was to test a diagnostic assessment of FASD in young children using the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD. Ninety-four children (aged 3 to 7 years) with confirmed or suspected prenatal alcohol exposure were referred to two specialist FASD clinics for assessment in Queensland, Australia.Results: There was a significant risk profile with 68.1% (n = 64) children having had contact with child protection services, and most children living in kinship (n = 22, 27.7%) or foster (n = 36, 40.4%) care. Forty-one percent of the children were Indigenous Australians. The majority (64.9%, n = 61) of children met criteria for FASD, 30.9% were classified as "At Risk" for FASD (n = 29), and 4.3% received no FASD diagnosis (n = 4). Only 4 (4%) children were rated as severe for the brain domain. Over 60% of children (n = 58) had two or more comorbid diagnoses. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the removal of comorbid diagnoses in the Attention, Affect Regulation, or Adaptive Functioning domains resulted in a change in 7 of 47 cases (15%) to an "At Risk" designation.Conclusions: These results highlight the complexity of presentation and the extent of impairment in the sample. The use of comorbid diagnoses to substantiate a "severe" designation in specific neurodevelopmental domains raises the question of whether there were false-positive diagnoses. The complexity of determining causal relationships between exposure to PAE and early life adversity on developmental outcomes continues to be a challenge in this young population.