ResumoObjetivo: A prevenção do excesso de peso e obesidade infantis em Portugal é prioritária e tem sido alvo de vários programas de intervenção. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal desenvolver um registo nacional, caracterizando as intervenções implementadas. Método: Incluíram-se programas de promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis implementados em Portugal, identificados através do "Google" e de websites Institucionais, que visavam contribuir direta ou indiretamente para a prevenção e controlo da obesidade infantil. A seleção foi realizada pela leitura dos títulos e informação disponibilizada nos websites, e foram depois extraídas informações sobre cada projeto. Resultados: Foram incluídos na análise 29 programas de promoção de alimentação saudável (n = 19), atividade física (n = 2) ou ambos (n = 8), realizados entre 2001 e 2015. À exceção de um programa, as atividades realizadas são descritas, mas o racional teórico e as técnicas de mudança comportamental utilizadas não são explicitadas. Apenas 16 programas foram avaliados, disponibilizando online os resultados obtidos. Conclusão: A maioria dos programas não fornece dados relativamente à sua fundamentação teórica e empírica, nem informação detalhada sobre as atividades realizadas e avaliação. Futuros programas devem fornecer maior detalhe sobre o racional teórico e as técnicas de modificação comportamental utilizadas, e a avaliação da eficácia na mudança do comportamento-alvo.Palavras-Chave: obesidade infantil, programas de prevenção, alimentação saudável, exercício físico, implementação e avaliação Abstract Aim: Childhood overweight and obesity prevention is a priority area in Portugal and has been the focus of several intervention programs. This study aimed to develop a national registry of implemented interventions and their characteristics. Method: An Internet search engine (Google) and institutional websites were used to perform a search to identify healthy lifestyle promotion programs which aimed, directly or indirectly, at preventing and controlling childhood obesity in Portugal. The selection of programs to include in the present study was carried out by reading the titles and information available on the websites. Subsequently, relevant information about each project was extracted. Results: A total of 29 projects, that promoted healthy eating (n = 19), physical activity (n = 2) or both (n = 8), were identified. These were implemented between 2001 and 2015. With the exception of one project, the activities developed in the scope of the projects were described, but the rationale and behavioural change techniques used were not explicit. Only 16 projects were evaluated and had their results available online. Conclusion: Most intervention programs provide no data regarding its theoretical and empirical basis, or detailed information on the activities performed and their evaluation. Future programs should provide greater detail on the rationale and behavioural modification techniques used, as well as the evaluation of their effectiveness in behaviour ch...

Do crisis evolve linearly through sequential one‐directional stages that end with their resolution? Or are crisis, a set of nonlinear events with somewhat a chaotic nature, better represented as multilayer relapse cycles, that is, a series of dynamic processes and templates that evolve at different levels of analysis and can either go forward—achievement—or go back—relapses? Moreover, should crisis always move forward to reach their resolution or should we strive to achieve social systems resilience, grounded on learning and adaptation processes, that is, moving forward and backwards, until achieving it? To argument in favor of achieving crisis resilience, we propose a theoretical model—the crisis layers and thresholds (CLT) model grounded on the following assumptions: (a) individuals' evaluations and responses should be the basis/core of crisis management and crisis communication activities; (b) different concurrent psychosocial and organizational processes occur at different levels of analysis of a crisis, from a microindividual level to a macro organization level; and (c) rather than striving for crisis resolution, we should strive for crisis resilience, preparing the social system for current and future emerging risks and crisis. To implement effective evidence‐based crisis management and crisis communication in line with such assumptions, we also propose the CLT‐ResiliScence approach, an Information and Communication Technology‐mediated crisis sensing approach. This is based on monitoring “social sensors” data, particularly from social media, as an important source of information. Examples of this will be provided based on research on the current COVID‐19 pandemic.

Drowning is an important, multisectoral, preventable and public health issue. This study aims to examine the burden and risk factors for drowning in Portugal from 2008 to 2015.The information was collected based on two databases from the Directorate-General of Health, Public Health (ICD codes Accidental non-transport drowning and submersion W65-W74) and from the National Maritime Authority. The Public Health database allowed a national overview on drowning for accidental non-transport drowning and submersion, being the National Maritime Authority (ISN) data used for drowning on the beach.There was an average of 69 deaths/year in the period between 2008 and 2015 (ICD W65-W74). The number of deaths in unguarded beaches corresponds to 74% (n=73), with an average of 9.1 deaths per year. In guarded beaches, the average was 3.3 (data ISN). In the same time period, there was a 5% increase in the number of licensed lifeguards, with an average of 698 rescues per year. Concomitantly, a total of 697 communication actions were developed with the aim of preventing drownings.

Monitoring how different people -as 'social sensors' -evaluate and respond to crisis such as pandemics, allows tailoring crisis communication to the social perceptions of the situation, at different moments. To gather such evidence, we proposed a index of social perceptions of systemic risk (SPSR), as an indicator of a situational threat compromising risks to physical health, psychological health, the economy, social relations, health system, and others. This indicator was the core of a social sensing approach applied to crisis situations, implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic through a content analysis of more than 130.000 public comments from Facebook™ users, in COVID-19 related publications. This content coding allowed creating a SPSR index monitored during a one-year descriptive longitudinal analysis. This index correlated with co-occurring events within the social system, namely epidemiological indicators across measurement cycles (e.g. new deaths; cumulative number of infection cases; Intensive Care Unit hospitalizations) and tended to reflect the epidemiological situation severity (e.g. with the highest level registered during the worst pandemic wave). However, discrepancies also occurred, with high SPSR registered in a low severity situation, i.e. low number of hospitalizations and deaths (e.g. school year beginning), or low SPSR in a high severity situation (e.g. 2nd pandemic wave during Christmas), showing other factors beyond the epidemiological situation contributing to the social perceptions. After each 'crisis period' with SPSR peaking, there was a 'restoration period' , consistently decreasing towards average levels of the previous measurement cycle. This can either indicate social resilience (recovery and resources potentiation) or risk attenuation after a high-severity period. This study serves as preliminary proof of concept of a crises social sensing approach, enabling monitoring of social system dynamics for various crisis types, such as health crisis or the climate crisis.

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