Culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students comprise a substantial population of students with learning disabilities, and are historically disproportionately represented in special education. To effectively teach CLD students with learning disabilities, teachers should integrate evidence‐based practices and culturally sustaining pedagogy in their practice. This article highlights several practical examples of culturally sustaining evidence‐based practices across the content areas of mathematics, reading, and writing. Suggestions for practice and future research are presented in the article.

This manuscript discusses two important ideas for developing student foundational understanding of the number line: (a) student views of the number sequence, and (b) recognizing units on the number line. Various student strategies and activities are included.

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Of the English Language Learners (ELLs) in USA K-12 schools, 665,000 are identified as having a disability. In mathematics, ELLs with disabilities have significantly lower outcomes than English dominant, and non-disabled peers. Numerous studies over four decades have linked student outcomes to teacher self-efficacy (i.e. belief in ability to perform a task for expected outcomes). Considering many ELLs with disabilities receive mathematics instruction from special education teachers, there are questions about the self-efficacy of these teachers to provide quality instruction, since there are few studies focused specifically on preparing or supporting special education teachers to teach mathematics to ELLs with disabilities. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine in-service special education teachers' overall self-efficacy in teaching mathematics in teaching any student with a disability and in teaching ELLs with disabilities in culturally and linguistically responsive ways. One hundred seventeen special education teachers from 9 states were recruited for this study which utilized surveys and follow up interviews. Six participants, chosen for having low or high self efficacy in teaching mathematics to any student with a disability or in teaching mathematics to ELLs with disabilities, were interviewed about factors which were helpful or harmful to their self-efficacy. Themes from the data included (a) teacher preparedness, (b) student characteristics, (c) teaching pedagogy, (d) building culture, (e) overall teacher disposition and (f) culturally responsive pedagogy.