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Background: Physical inactivity (PI) is one of the most important risk factors that contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To analyze the prevalence and associated factors with PI in adults from a Basic Health Unit in the city of Uraí, state of Paraná. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed at Basic Health Unit of Uraí, and 100 subjects of both genders were evaluated, the average age of 47.55 ± 17.13 years. The data collection was carried through an interview where information of sociodemographic characteristics, consumption of alcoholic beverages, tobacco use, level of physical activity (PA) (IPAQ-8, short version), information of anthropometric measures, waist circumference, and rest blood pressure were collected. The Chi-square and Odds Ratio test was used, considering 95% of confidence interval, using the statistical package SPSS, version 20.0, with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: The prevalence of PI on the sample studied was 66% in both genders. The factors significantly associated with the PI were: advanced age ≥ 40 years (p <0.01), overweight with BMI ≥ 25 (p <0.013), abdominal circumference above 102 cm in men and 88 cm (p <0.042) (P <0.001) and high blood pressure ≥130 / 85 mmHg (p <0.025). Conclusion: The prevalence of associated factors with PI it is high, which suggests the need of public policies and awareness of the importance of oriented-prevention physical activity practice.

Introduction: The ultrasound is widely used clinical practice focused on tissue repair, because it is a secure resource, minimally-invasive and low investment. However, despite the effects of ultrasound have been well described, the ideal relationship between dose and effect, still needs to be better elucidated and bounded. Objective: In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irradiation pulsed ultrasound and continuous in the viability of fibroblastic cells L929 in vitro. Method: The cells were distributed in TPP plates 12 wells in the concentration of 5x10 5 cells/µL and subdivided into the following groups: G1: control (not received radiation), G2: irradiated to 0.5 W/cm 2-30% and G3: irradiated to 0.5 W/cm 2-100%. Then received ultrasonic irradiation with intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours, and after 24 hours of each irradiation was performed MTT cytotoxicity cell. Results: Among the three groups analyzed, only the G2 group showed a significant difference between the time 48 and 72 hours (p=0.05). In other times, despite variation in the percentage of viable cells, were not significant. When compared to peers at post-test, it was possible to observe a difference of 29% of viable cells between the groups G1 and G2 (p=0.05). However, the biggest difference was observed between the groups G2 and G3 (p=0.05). Conclusion: In this way, it can be concluded that irradiation pulsed ultrasound showed higher proliferation of fibroblasts L929 in time 48 hours, whereas in group irradiated in continuous mode, there was no statistically significant difference between the times.

Atualmente, novos métodos de tratamento contra o câncer estão sendo investigados para a obtenção de um bom prognóstico e menor índice de efeitos colaterais, e uma das terapias atuais sob investigação é a Fotobiomodulação (FBM). Sabe-se que a proliferação de células normais e tumorais pode ser estimulada ou inibida pela FBM, e esse processo vai depender dos parâmetros utilizados. O objetivo deste estudo foi conduzir uma revisão da literatura, a fim de avaliar os efeitos biológicos de diferentes parâmetros da FBM sobre cultura de células tumorais (osteossarcoma). Realizou-se busca na literatura através das bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library e EMBASE. Os estudos mostraram que a FBM pode ser utilizada em células cancerígenas de forma a diminuir a sua proliferação, contudo, a falta de padronização dos protocolos de irradiação a laser para investigações in vitro não permite estabelecer os parâmetros ideais para esse fim. Com base nos achados relatados se pode sugerir que a FBM, em parâmetros específicos, pode promover a bioestimulação ou até mesmo a inibição das células cancerígenas, sendo necessários mais estudos para determinar os protocolos de tratamento ideais e, por isso, deve ser usada com cautela na prática clínica.   Palavras-chave: Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade. Terapia a Laser. Osteossarcoma.   Abstract Currently new  treatment methods against cancer have been investigated to obtain a good prognosis and a lower rate of side effects, and one of the current therapies under investigation is Photobiomodulation (PBM). It is known that the  normal and tumor cells proliferation can be stimulated or inhibited by PBM, and this process will depend on the parameters used. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review in order to assess the biological effects of different  PBM parameters on tumor cell culture (osteosarcoma). Literature search was performed through the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria were: to be an in vitro study with cancer cells, and to have at least one treatment group with PBM and a control group (without treatment). Studies have shown that PBM can be used in cancerous lesions in order to decrease the proliferation of these cells, however, the lack of standardization of laser irradiation protocols for in vitro investigations does not allow to establish the ideal parameters for this purpose. Based on the reported findings, it can be suggested that PBM in specific parameters may promote biostimulation or even inhibition of cancer cells. More studies are necessary to determine the ideal treatment protocols, and, because of this, it should be used with caution in clinical practice.   Keywords: Low Intensity Light Therapy. Laser therapy. Osteosarcoma

Muscle injuries are frequent, both in the practice of exercises and in the work environment, and after the injury, healing begins. The inflammatory phase of muscle healing is accompanied by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a reduction in the antioxidant activity of defense enzymes. This imbalance between both can generate oxidative stress, which can cause oxidative damage by directly affecting vital cellular constituents, such as lipids, proteins and DNA, in addition to interfering negatively in the muscle cells differentiation . Therefore, substances or therapies that stimulate antioxidant repair and defense are crucial to keep the levels of free radical production low, and to minimize factors that delay or prevent tissue recovery, among these therapies photo biomodulation has stood out. The objective of this literature review is to clarify the FBM effect on oxidative stress and muscle repair. Therefore, a search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs and PEDro, using the keywords “Photo biomodulation”, “low power laser”, “muscle repair”, “oxidative stress”, and in English were ”Photo biomodulation”, “low level laser therapy”, “muscle repair” and “oxidative stress”. The texts that addressed the research topic, published between 2000 and 2020, were chosen. After analyzing the articles, it was possible to observe that photo biomodulation, despite presenting a great variety of parameters, moment of application and irradiation protocol found in the literature, shows beneficial results in the repair muscle and in the reduction of oxidative stress and fatigue markers. Keywords: Low-Level Light Therapy. Oxidative Stress. Edema. ResumoLesões musculares são frequentes, tanto na prática de exercícios como no ambiente de trabalho, sendo que após a lesão, inicia a cicatrização. A fase inflamatória da cicatrização muscular é acompanhada do aumento da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e uma redução da atividade antioxidante das enzimas de defesa. Este desequilíbrio entre ambos pode gerar o estresse oxidativo, que leva a danos e atingi diretamente constituintes celulares vitais, como lipídios, proteínas e DNA, além de interferir negativamente na diferenciação das células musculares. Portanto, substâncias ou terapias que estimulem a reparação e a defesa antioxidante são cruciais para manter os níveis de produção de radicais livres baixos, e minimizar os fatores que atrasam ou impedem a recuperação do tecido, dentre estas terapias a fotobiomodulação tem se destacado. O objetivo da presente revisão de literatura é esclarecer o efeito da FBM sobre o estresse oxidativo e o reparo muscular. Sendo assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases de dados da Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs e PEDro, utilizando as palavras-chave “Fotobiomodulação”, “laser de baixa potência”, “reparo muscular”, “estresse oxidativo”, e em inglês foram “photobiomodulation”, “low level laser therapy”, “muscle repair” e “oxidative stress”. Foram escolhidos os textos que abordavam o tema da pesquisa, publicados entre 2000 e 2020. Analisando os artigos foi possível observar que a fotobiomodulação apesar de apresentar grande variedade de parâmetros, momento de aplicação e protocolo de irradiação encontrados na literatura, mostra resultados benéficos no reparo muscular e na diminuição de marcadores do estresse oxidativo e fadiga. Palavras-chave: Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade. Estresse Oxidativo. Edema.