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Political parties, social demographics and the decline of ethnic mobilization in South Africa, 1994-99 Piombo, Jessica Sage Publications Party Politics, v. 11, no. 4, pp. 447-470, 2005 Jessica Piombo A B S T R A C TBefore the advent of democratic rule in South Africa, most people had expected the country to experience an explosion of politicized ethnicity when minority rule was replaced. Yet this has not come to pass, and ethnic political parties have declined in number and influence in postapartheid South Africa. Instead, between 1994 and 1999 partisan politics developed in a multipolar direction, with some parties embracing racial mobilization and others attempting to build multiethnic, non-racial entities. This article explains these developments as a product of the ways that political parties have responded to the incentives established by political institutions, on the one hand, and the structure of social divisions, on the other. The analysis holds implications for our understanding of the ways in which social cleavages in ethnically divided societies become politically salient, and for the lessons of institutional and constitutional engineering, particularly with respect to how proportional representation systems interact with other factors to shape politics in ethnically diverse societies.

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While scholars and practitioners alike argue that the pursuit of sustainable peace in post-conflict developing countries requires international interventions to build state capacity, many debate the precise effects that external assistance has had on building peace in conflict-affected states. This paper seeks to clear conceptual ground by proposing a research agenda that disentangles statebuilding and peacebuilding from each other. Recent scholarship has made the case that the two endeavours are geared towards distinct sets of goals, yet few have subjected the causal mechanism underlying those processes or the relationship between them to sustained theoretical and empirical inquiry. Additionally, despite decades of mixed results from international interventions, we lack knowledge of the mechanisms by which external engagement leads to specific outcomes. To address these gaps, this paper offers a causal framework for understanding the effects of aid dynamics on state coherence and the depth of peace. It specifies the variables in that framework, with a view to establishing a new research agenda to advance our understanding of statebuilding and peacebuilding. Finally, it proposes that public service delivery in post-conflict countries offers fertile empirical ground to hypothesize about and test the relationship between state coherence and sustainable peace.International peacebuilding interventions in post-conflict countries are typically designed as statebuilding efforts that channel high levels of assistance towards building state capacity, which is in turn believed to enhance their prospects for sustainable peace. Yet statebuilding and peacebuilding are distinct processes with different logics that may, in reality, both reinforce and contradict each other in specific circumstances. Indeed, part of the reason why international interventions in post-conflict countries have yielded disappointing results is that their design is predicated on often untested assumptions about how the foundations for sustainable peace are best achieved -and how the different processes for attempting to do so are truly inter-related. This paper seeks to clear conceptual ground by disentangling statebuilding from peacebuilding through a focus on the impacts of international aid on each of these processes. The goal is to establish a theoretically informed

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