PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a scientific term and technique in molecular biology which able to generate copies of a specific DNA from two short oligodeoxynucleotide sequences (also called primers) by a polymerase-dependent repetitive thermal reaction. PCR technique brought a revolution in science especially in molecular biology since its first discovery back in 1984 as its simplicity and not a time-consuming trait. Over the past decades, PCR techniques have been modified to make it suitable for the application in each scientific field. PCR nowadays is involved in almost all studies that required DNA fragments manipulation including in food and medical analysis. By taking advantage of this revolutionary technique and if developed and used well, it would become very beneficial for humanity in many aspects
Fucoxanthin, an algal carotenoid with bioactivity that benefits human health, is gaining popularity as a functional food. Therefore, in this study, the effect of drying methods and conditions on the production of fucoxanthin isomers in three closely related Sargassum species with slightly different morphological lamina were investigated. The recovery of fucoxanthin after oven‐drying was 1.1–1.3‐fold higher than that after sun‐drying and varied 1.6‐fold among the S. species used, indicating that each algal species has a different heat susceptibility even among closely related species, and should be optimized for each species and drying method. In Padina australis with homogeneous morphology, the optimal temperature to maintain all‐trans form was 60°C with only a 5.3% loss, while other cis‐isomer transformations were maintained at 80°C. The apparent activation energy estimated by Arrhenius plots differed for the all‐trans form and cis‐isomer transformations, indicating the presence of different reactions between them. Practical applications Drying treatment is an efficient and cost‐effective technique for reducing the moisture content of post‐harvest seaweed to prevent decomposition, increase shelf life, and easily extract the targeted compounds. Owing to the difference in heat susceptibility, even in closely related species, the results indicated that it should be necessary not only to select appropriate algal species and drying methods but also to optimize the thermal conditions for each target substance of the selected material. This study provided qualitative information, particularly on seaweed drying procedures, and contributed to the production of marine products in the fields of food and bioactive substances, such as fucoxanthin isomers.
Sektor Miko, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Karena kontribusinya yang besar terhadap perekonomian nasional, tentunya UMKM ini memiliki beberapa permasalahan, terutama pada UMKM Keripik Asih di Jawa Timur yang menjadi sasaran pendampingan. Sifatnya masih tradisional membuat UMKM memerlukan edukasi terkait Standar Operasional Prosedur pangan, pentingnya pengemasan dan pendaftaran izin usaha yang baik sebagai bentuk perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi pengusaha UMKM. Mengenai kemasan produk akan berkaitan dengan pentingnya kualitas produk, dan sanitasi produk. Dalam tulisan ini, peneliti ingin memaparkan cara-cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk memajukan UMKM khususnya untuk Keripik Bu Asih. Dalam tulisan ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan perawakan dan pendapat ahli yang relevan di UMKM.
Untuk mencegah kontaminasi aflatoksin dalam produksi kecap tradisional di Indonesia, ragi kecap dari biakan kapang mutan Aspergillus oryzae yang berspora putih, dipersiapkan dari biakan kapang induk A. oryzae yang berspora hijau, melalui teknik iradiasi dengan sinar UV pada intensitas tertentu, sehingga diperoleh ragi kecap mutan yang tidak memproduksi aflatoksin dan dapat digunakan sebagai ragi kecap dalam rangka pengembangan produk kecap aromatik bebas aflatoksin di Desa Balong Tunjung, Kecamatan Benjeng, Kabupaten Gresik. Proses pembuatan kecap aromatik bebas aflatoksin dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan utama, yaitu fermentasi ragi (koji) yang dipersiapkan melalui inokulasi ragi kecap mutan pada kacang kedelai yang telah direndam, dikuliti dan dimasak selama 3–5 hari, dilanjutkan dengan fermentasi garam (moromi) berupa perendaman koji pada kadar garam tinggi (18–22%) selama 1–6 bulan, dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan moromi dengan penambahan rempah-rempah aromatik serta pengemasan produk kecap. Hasil fermentasi koji, menunjukkan pertumbuhan miselia kapang berspora putih secara merata pada permukaan kedelai, menunjukkan proses penguraian secara enzimatik protein secara optimal, sehingga mempercepat proses penguraian bahan-bahan organik yang terkandung dalam kedelai selama fermentasi moromi, sehingga meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ragi kecap mutan berspora putih tidak hanya berkontribusi pada pencegahan kontaminasi aflatoksin tetapi juga meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi pada produk akhir kecap.
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