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Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. The drilling and extraction operations that are aimed to maximize the production of oil may be counterbalanced by the huge production of contaminated water (called PW) with pollutants, such as heavy metals, dissolved/suspended solids, and organic compounds. PW is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms, because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, major research efforts are being developed with innovative technologies for treating PW in order to comply with reuse and discharge limits. Among them, electrochemical technologies have been proposed as a promising alternative for the treatment of this kind of wastewaters. Then, this paper presents a minireview of efficient electrochemical technologies used until now for treating PW generated by petrochemical industry.

In this paper, the treatment of dye solutions containing Remazol Red BR (RRB) and Novacron Blue C-D (NB) by anodic oxidation using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes has been investigated. Galvanostatic electrolyses of RRB and NB solutions have led to the complete decolourisation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal at different operating conditions (current density, pH and temperature). Energy requirements for removing colour during galvanostatic electrolyses of RRB and NB synthetic solutions depend mainly on operating conditions; for example for RRB, it passes from 3.30 kWh m −3 at 20 mA cm −2 to 4.28 kWh m −3 at 60 mA cm −2 (pH=1); 17.25 kWh m −3 at 20 mA cm −2 to 28.87 kWh m −3 at 60 mA cm −2 (pH=4.5); 13.50 kWh m −3 at 20 mA cm −2 to 37.80 kWh m −3 at 60 mA cm −2 (pH=8). Additionally, colour and COD removal rates were favoured when an increase on the temperature was attained, decreasing the energy consumption requirements. According to the experimental results obtained, the electrochemical oxidation process is suitable for depuration wastewaters containing these textile dyes, due to the electrocatalytic properties of BDD anode.

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