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Transnational education (TNE) is predicted to play a large role in the future landscape of international higher education. Binational universities are transnational, higher education institutions formed by two governments constituting a collaborative form of TNE. Despite career factors being one of the primary motivators for participating in TNE (Knight & McNamara, 2014), we know very little about student expectations and experiences with career attainment at binational universities. This study explored the role of labor market outcomes at the binational Turkish-German University. A convergent parallel mixed methods case study design was adopted, and data collection included a survey of students and graduates (n=571) as well as interviews with key stakeholders (n=4). This research enlarges the debate on the relation between international experience and employability and provides new insight into the labor market relevance and returns of higher education programs.

PurposeThis scoping review aims to survey literature that covers employability preparation and labor market outcomes for graduates from transnational higher education institutions.Design/methodology/approachThis scoping literature review uses career ecosystems as a theoretical framework and the context-input-process-outcomes model as a conceptual framework.FindingsThis scoping review confirms a limited research base of approximately 50 sources that primarily use qualitative methods and socio-economic theories to center the student voice and focus on international branch campuses in the Middle East and Asia. Notably, there is a lack of focus on staff experiences regarding the process of preparing students for employment. The review also demonstrates the need for more research on career processes and outcomes in transnational higher education.Research limitations/implicationsThis scoping review is relevant to higher education institutions seeking to meet the challenges of preparing graduates for more than one national labor market. It has implications for universities' ability to attract students, develop relevant labor market preparation programming and understand whether the institution is addressing local employment needs. For researchers, it offers insight and impetus into the area of inquiry regarding transnational education, graduate labor market outcomes and employability.Practical implicationsPractical implications are drawn for students, parents, policymakers and transnational and non-transnational higher education institutions, as well as those who are engaged in providing international education and career advice.Social implicationsThis review offers insight into developing labor market-relevant TNE programming, which may be helpful both for host and home country transnational education stakeholders interested in impact.Originality/valueThis is one of the first reviews to systematically address literature about employability preparation and labor market outcomes for graduates from transnational higher education institutions; in using career ecosystems theory, this review offers a bridge between international higher education and career studies.

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International Career Services (ICS) is an umbrella term which refers to career services for international students. ICS support international students with integrating successfully into local, regional and national labor markets, and has traditionally been a feature at universities in the Anglosphere. More recently, ICS have increased in Europe due in large part to the rise of English-medium programs, and German universities in particular have enjoyed broad based support for ICS programs. In this research brief, the case of career services for international students in Germany are outlined, a conceptual framework is presented, and four strategic planning areas are identified that can aid universities interested in developing their own international career services.