Objective This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of home-based exercises in comparison with centre-based exercises for improving the paretic upper limb after stroke. Data sources AMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and PEDro databases. Review methods Only randomized clinical trials were included. Participants in the reviewed studies were adults at any time after stroke. The experimental intervention was home-based exercises compared with centre-based exercises. Outcome data related to strength, motor recovery, dexterity, activity, and participation were extracted from the eligible trials and combined in meta-analyses. The quality of included trials was assessed by the PEDro scores. The quality of evidence was determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results Eight trials, involving 488 participants, were included. Most trials (63%) delivered semi-supervised interventions (amount of supervision 3–43%), and three trials provided full supervision. Random-effects meta-analyses provided moderate- to high-quality evidence that home- and centre-based exercises provide similar effects on motor recovery (MD 1.4 points; 95% CI −0.9 to 3.8), dexterity (MD −0.01 pegs/s; 95% CI −0.04 to 0.05), upper limb activity performance (SMD −0.04; 95% CI −0.25 to 0.18), and quality of movement (0.1 points; 95% CI −0.2 to 0.4). Effects on strength were also similar but the quality of the evidence was rated as low. No trials examined effects on participation. Conclusion Effects of home-based prescribed exercises on upper limb motor recovery, dexterity, and activity are likely to be similar to improvements obtained by centre-based exercises after stroke.
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique tested in several diseases, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Anodic and cathodic tDCS are typically used to increase and decrease excitability, respectively, and depending on mounting and stimulation parameters, tDCS can target different brain networks. This study will examine the immediate and late effects of tDCS on cognitive function, pain, functional independence, anxiety and depression, in-hospital complications and length of stay in subjects with severe TBI in the subacute phase. Methods: This is a randomized, two-arm, prospectively enrolled study with blinded allocation, raters, participants, and therapists blind, and intention-to-treat analysis. The study will consist of 30 subjects with severe TBI, who were discharged from the intensive care unit at least two weeks ago. Participants will be randomly allocated into an experimental group (i.e, tDCS 2mA active for 20 minutes) or a control group (i.e, tDCS sham for 20 minutes). Participants will receive sessions tDCS 5 times a week for 4 weeks, for a total of 20 sessions. Outcome measures will be collected by trained researchers at baseline (week 0), after 20 tDCS sessions, i.e at week 4 (week 4), 6 months later by telephone, and one year after treatment, also by phone. Discussion: The search for adjuvant therapies to improve TBI outcomes is challenging, mainly due to the heterogeneity, complexity and severity of the lesions. Thus, the results of this trial may result in an important advance for neurological rehabilitation. Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), RBR-37t4kc4. Registered prospectively on July 26rd , 2021
Introdução: A perda parcial ou total de um membro causa inúmeros desafios físicos e psicossociais, incluindo redução na qualidade de vida, bem como limitações e restrições na participação social do indivíduo. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o perfil epidemiológico, coletar dados da amputação e da reabilitação dos pacientes atendidos no Centro de Reabilitação Física do Espírito Santo (CREFES). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo que consistiu na análise de 509 prontuários devidamente preenchidos de pacientes amputados atendidos na Unidade de Trabalho de Órteses e Próteses do CREFES de 2012 a 2018. Resultados: Observou-se predomínio de amputados do sexo masculino (72%), maiores de 60 anos (36%) e de amputações de membro inferior (94,4%). A principal etiologia das amputações foi a vascular (59%), seguida de acidentes de trânsito (23%). O tempo de início de reabilitação foi em média 27 meses e 34,97% chegaram de fato à protetização. Conclusão: As principais etiologias de amputação são de natureza preveníveis. Consiste, portanto, em um problema de saúde pública que requer atenção de uma equipe multidisciplinar.
Introdução: O ensino de Saúde Coletiva é fundamental para a formação de profissionais de saúde qualificados para atuarem no Sistema Único de Saúde. No entanto, existem poucos estudos que analisam a situação real do ensino da Saúde Coletiva pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Além disso, os poucos estudos existentes demonstram que o ensino da Saúde Coletiva no Brasil possui pouca estrutura curricular e ausência de conteúdos sobre políticas públicas. Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição das disciplinas de Saúde Coletiva em instituições de ensino superior do Espírito Santo. Métodos: Estudo descritivo desenvolvido por meio de levantamento documental através do portal online do Ministério da Educação e dos sites das instituições de ensino superior localizadas no estado do Espírito Santo que ofereciam pelo menos um curso da área da saúde. Os dados foram inseridos em tabela de contingência e analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram analisados 68 cursos da área da saúde provenientes de 10 IES, uma pública e nove privadas. A oferta de Saúde Coletiva é entre 1 e 3 disciplinas, correspondentes entre 1% a 5% das disciplinas gerais dos cursos e 1% a 3% das cargas horárias totais. Terapia Ocupacional e Medicina foram os cursos que mais apresentaram carga horária de Saúde Coletiva. Conclusão: O ensino de Saúde Coletiva na região é oferecido em poucas disciplinas, representando baixas porcentagens na grade curricular. No entanto, cursos como Medicina e Terapia Ocupacional apresentaram as maiores cargas horária no ensino em Saúde Coletiva.
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