Context: The incidence of third molar impaction is very frequent in the dental arch; however, the etiology remains unclear. Assessment of ramal parameters might aid in deducing the chance of the lower third molar being impacted. Aims: To investigate the mandibular ramus features that could contribute to the etiology of mandibular third molar impaction. Settings and Design: A prospective study. Methods and Materials: In total 1,125 patients (568 males and 557 females) who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Six linear and four angular measurements such as ramal height, ramal width, mandibular body length, third molar width, the body of mandible width, retromolar space, angle of the impacted tooth, the angle between condyle and coronoid process, gonial angle, and inclination of the lower posterior teeth were made using digital panoramic radiographs and recorded. Also, the occurrence of impacted lower third molar was noted. Statistical Analysis Used: Comparisons between groups were done using Student's t -test. Pearson correlation was used to assess the degree of relationship between retromolar space and mandibular measurements. Results: Control group showed significantly greater measurements in most of the variables, whereas the impacted group showed no significant difference. A significant correlation of retromolar space is found with body height, third molar width, and angle of impaction. Conclusions: The present study found that the configuration of the mandibular ramus appears to be discrete in many aspects in the erupted other than impacted lower third molars subjects, which might be a possible cause for the impaction.

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Skull fractures can be classified into four major types; linear, depressed, diastatic, and basilar. Of these, a depressed skull fracture presents a high risk of increased intracranial pressure or hemorrhage to the brain. A compound depressed skull fracture results when a laceration over the fracture exposes the internal cranial cavity to the outside environment. Such depressed skull fractures are indicated for elevation if the defect is more than 10 mm and in the presence of brain injury. Frontal bone contour defects result in marked facial deformity which becomes obvious to the observer. Esthetic correction of the depressed frontal bone fracture can be done with autogenous bone grafts or alloplastic materials. Autogenous bone grafts are meant to be the gold standard method of reconstruction, but they harbor the risk of donor-site morbidity. There are various materials available for the reconstruction of depressed frontal bone fractures. This is a case report which illustrates the use of easily injectable, self-setting calcium phosphate bone cement in the correction of a depressed frontal bone fracture measuring approximately 3 cm × 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm.

Context: Pain is one of the most commonly experienced symptoms in dentistry, and managing pain is of greater importance during dental treatment. Local anesthetics are chemicals that block nerve conduction in a specific, temporary and reversible manner, without affecting the patient’s consciousness. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of buffered lignocaine, buffered articaine, unbuffered lignocaine and unbuffered articaine in terms of latency (onset of anesthetic effect), duration of anesthetic effect during extraction of mandibular teeth following standard inferior alveolar nerve block. Settings and Design: This study was conducted at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha University, Chennai from November 2013 to November 2015. Methods and Materials: This study compares the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine, 2% lignocaine, 4% buffered articaine and 2% buffered articaine with epinephrine. Onset, duration of anesthetic effect was compared. Statistical analysis used: ANOVA Results: Total number of patients were 272. These patients were equally divided into 4 groups, each group containing 68 patients.THE anova test shows that significant difference between the groups, the mean value shows the group 4 is better than the other 3 groups. Conclusion: We conclude that 4% articaine has faster onset when compared to the other three group. Buffered lignocaine had significantly longer duration when compared to the other groups. This can be explained based on its different chemical structure, liposolubility, increased protein binding ability, diffusion in soft tissue and increased pulpal anesthesia