No abstract

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of propolis against Ligictaluridus floridanus on Ictalurus punctatus gills. Methods This study used an ethanol extract of propolis at a concentration of 300 mg mL −1 , with a total polyphenol concentration of 2.77 mg mL −1 as determined by chromatography. In vitro trial used propolis concentrations at 5, 30 as well as 60 mg L -1 and a 70% ethanol control group to treat naturally infected catfish. The in vivo experiment was 16 weeks in duration, consisting of seventy-two fish infected by cohabitation and subjected to one-hour baths every 72 h during the trial. ResultsIn vitro studies showed that parasites exposed to 60 mg L −1 of propolis displayed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in their survival time. In vivo studies confirmed the reduction of intensity and abundance of Ligictaluridus floridanus on the gills of channel catfish. Conclusion This study has provided the first challenge of propolis against L. floridanus on I. punctatus gills and shows that propolis has an anthelmintic effect.