In children younger than 4-year old with positive TST and normal CXR, it would be advisable to perform a TCT since the findings could change the diagnosis from TBI to TB disease.

Introduction Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children occurred in Peru as of March 2020, leading to pediatric patients' hospitalization in areas adapted for this purpose at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital. In the beginning, the demand for hospitalization was low, but it increased gradually. Consistent with international reports, the majority of patients presented mild or moderate symptoms. Nonetheless, there were also severe cases, even fatal ones. Objectives To describe the characteristics and clinical outcome of pediatric patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a referral hospital in Lima, Peru, between March and August 2020. Methods A descriptive and inferential cross-sectional study was carried out. The population includes all hospitalized patients in the Department of Pediatrics, with clinical and surgical diagnoses associated with COVID-19. Results We included 100 patients, with an average age of 83.4 ± 54 months, with a predominance of male patients (55%). Hospitalized patients were grouped into five categories: respiratory failure (17%), multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) (31%), neurological presentation (19%), acute abdomen (20%), and patients with oncological problems (13%). Most of the patients (74%) had comorbidities. Regarding the presenting symptoms, intestinal pain predominated in the appendicitis group (90%, p < 0.001), fever was present in most patients with respiratory failure (64.7%); multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (90.3%), neurological manifestations (15.8%), acute abdomen (50%) and oncological conditions (61.5%) were also present in these patients. Kawasaki symptoms were found in 38.7% of the patients with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome. Mortality was 4%. Respiratory problems (29.4%) and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (22.6%) required admission to intensive care, more frequently than the other presentations (p = 0.008). Conclusions We conclude that the vulnerability in the pediatric population is the one that has preexisting conditions. We divided our patients according to presentation, diagnosis, and complications, which were predominantly respiratory. We also had oncological patients with COVID-19.

IntroductionConsistent use of PrEP reduces HIV transmission from sexual practices amongst men who have sex with men (MSM) up to 92% [1]. Lisbon MSM cohort study estimates point that 59.3% of their participants at entrance (1593 HIV negative MSM enrolled between April 2011 and May 2013) were eligible for PrEP [2], according to the 2014 USA PrEP guidelines [3]. Studies about PrEP acceptability and implementation support policies aimed at increasing and rolling out its use. Hence, the exploratory study about PrEP acceptability in MSM at Lisbon.Materials and MethodsA street-based intercept survey, adapted from Mantell et al. study [4], was the one used on MSM attending the 2014 Lisbon pride fair. The survey included socio-demographic data, PrEP awareness and readiness to use it, probability of MSM's social network to also use it, promptness to join PrEP-related studies, type of PrEP warranted and condomless anal sex practice in the last six months.ResultsA total of 110 HIV negative Portuguese MSM responded, with a median age of 33% and 84% of them identified themselves as gay. A majority of MSM were unaware of PrEP (59%); those that were aware, had heard of it trough CheckpointLx (31%), internet (22%) or health professionals (20%). 66% were likely or very likely to participate in PrEP-related studies. 57% of MSM were likely or very likely to use PrEP if available and reported that some, if not almost all of their social network, will do it too (70%). Type of PrEP preferred was oral, a pill a day (43%), followed by oral, intermittent intake (32%). Overall 41% of MSM had condomless anal sex practice in the last six months.ConclusionsIn this MSM Portuguese sample, a general willingness to adopt PrEP was predominant, specially the oral daily intake. Forty-one percent of participants had had condomless anal sex practice in the last six months and therefore fitted within the criteria to be on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), according to MSM Risk Index in 2014 USA PrEP guidelines. PrEP, when available in Portugal, should be a powerful tool for HIV prevention in this key population.

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir/emtricitabine has shown to be effective in preventing HIV among high-risk HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM). Portugal made PrEP available in February 2018, but few MSM reported PrEP use before. We aimed to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of MSM using PrEP and those knowing PrEP but not using and to compare MSM who started PrEP before and after its implementation in Portugal. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis, using Lisbon MSM Cohort data - an open prospective cohort of HIV-negative MSM testing at a community-based center in Lisbon - regarding the first time PrEP use was reported. Data from March 2015 to April 2019 was used. In this period 2142 MSM participated in the cohort and reported to know PrEP of whom 160 (7.5%) reported to use it. 83 PrEP-users answered a subset of questions about PrEP. Comparisons were performed using t-test, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results Comparing with non-users, PrEP users were significantly older (Mean: 35.7, SD 9.4 vs. 30.8, SD 9.2, p &lt; 0.001), had more frequently a Master or PhD degree (37.2% vs. 27.4%, p = 0.017), and were more frequently born in a foreign country (42.2% vs. 31.8%, p &lt; 0.001). Groups were similar in terms sexual orientation. Among the 83 PrEP users answering more questions about PrEP, 28 (33.7%) reported to have ordered their PrEP medication online, 24 (28.9%) obtained it in a medical appointment in Portugal, 15 (18.1%) in a foreign country, 4 in a clinical trial or demonstration project. Of all PrEP users, 30 (19.4%) started PrEP only after February 2018, and no sociodemographic differences were found comparing with those who started before. Conclusions MSM reporting PrEP use were more educated, older and more frequently born in a foreign country than non-PrEP users. MSM starting PrEP before and after February 2018 were similar, which may indicate that making PrEP available did not yet reach a more diverse group of MSM. Key messages MSM reporting PrEP use were more educated, older and more frequently born in a foreign country than non-PrEP users. MSM starting PrEP before and after February 2018 were similar, which may indicate that making PrEP available did not yet reach a more diverse group of MSM.

No abstract