RESUMEN • La densidad, o concentración de materia, es un concepto muy relevante pero que genera muchas dificultades de comprensión. Para medir la competencia en la estimación de la densidad del alumnado de la ESO, se pasó un cuestionario acompañado de un juego de materiales a 196 alumnos de los cuatro cursos de la ESO en dos colegios. La estimación de la densidad depende del peso percibido, el tamaño o la viscosidad, lo que a veces lleva a estimaciones erróneas. En todos los cursos, más del 40 % de los alumnos consideran la densidad como una propiedad extensiva; en torno a un 50 % usan modelos -no siempre coherentes-más cercanos a una propiedad intensiva y específica. Existen además dificultades para predecir los cambios en densidad con el estado de agregación o la temperatura, lo que sugiere que deben introducirse cambios en su enseñanza.PALABRAS CLAVE: competencia; densidad; Educación Secundaria Obligatoria; materia; datos sensoriales. ABSTRACT • Density, or concentration of matter, is a central concept in science, and yet creates many learning and comprehension difficulties. To estimate how competent Secondary School students at estimating density are, we administered a 4-item questionnaire to 196 students at the 4 courses in two schools. Our results suggest that the estimation of density is dependent on the quantity and quality of sensorial information available -perceived weight, size or viscosity-, which sometimes lead to wrong estimations. In all levels, more than 40 % of the students treated density as an extensive property; around 50 % used intermediate models -sometimes inconsistent-closer to the idea of density as an intensive and specific property. The students had difficulties to predict changes in density with the state of aggregation or temperature, which calls for changes in the way density is taught.
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