La producción nacional de leche es insuficiente para abastecer el consumo interno y para atender el déficit, por lo cual México ha tenido que incrementar la importación de leche en polvo. Con el fin de estimar el impacto económico provocado por la importación de leche en polvo, se utilizó la Matriz de Insumo-Producto (MIP) Nacional 2013, que permitió medir los impactos mediante los multiplicadores del producto, empleo e ingreso sectorial. Los resultados indican que el incremento de la demanda de leche en polvo por parte de la industria de lácteos en México repercute fuertemente tanto en la cadena de valor de la producción lechera bovina como en las unidades de producción, lo que promueve el abandono de la actividad productiva. Los resultados respaldan la factibilidad de cambiar la situación por la que pasa la ganadería lechera mediante una política pública que integre a los agricultores, ganaderos, industriales, servicios y gobierno, en una cadena de mayor valor compartido, de forma que la acción coordinada y complementaria contribuya a expresar todo el potencial de las empresas que integran la cadena de producción de lácteos.
The objective of this work is to prepare a comparative descriptive analysis of socio-demographic characteristics of rural producers in the municipality of Mexicali, Baja California, using two sources with temporal proximity: the Survey of Rural Producers of the Municipalities of Baja California and the last Agricultural Census. The thematic and territorial disaggregation that is carried out is of importance due to the notable shortage and need, in northern Mexico, of regional and local knowledge to plan regional and rural agricultural development. The variables considered are: producer and family size, expenditure, productive problems, age and gender, schooling, professionalization and technical training, complementary producer and family occupations. It was found that the vast majority of producers are still smallproducers, their household expenditure is clearly low, their main problems lie in the cost of inputs and there is a delicate warning due to advanced age, low schooling and training that adds up to a low proportion of possible replacement as producers in the subsequent generation which has a preference for a way of life other than agricultural activity.
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