RESUMENE n el oriente de Michoacán, la muerte regresiva en plantaciones comerciales de eucalipto se presentó en árboles con daños por heladas y sequías en el 2013. En Eucalyptus nitens se aisló al patógeno Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum encontrando a su teleomorfo Botryosphaeria eucalyptorum en los cancros, mientras que N. parvum se aisló de E. nitens y E. globulus. Ambas especies de Neofusicoccum se identificaron por morfología y se caracterizaron molecularmente mediante PCR-ITS. Las secuencias de N. eucalyptorum (números de acceso: KC479184 y KC4799188) y N. parvum (KC479185, KC479186 y KC479187) se depositaron en el Banco de Genes del NCBI. En campo, los eucaliptos enfermos presentaron muerte regresiva, cancros fusiformes en fuste que inducen hinchamientos, flujo de resina y brotes epicórmicos. Los hongos inoculados in vitro en varetas de E. nitens y E. globulus causaron lesiones necróticas y abundantes picnidios inmaduros a 10 días después de la inoculación (ddi). En los árboles de E. nitens de tres años de edad se formó un cancro de apariencia hundida con forma fusiforme, de color café oscuro y de 13 a 21.9 cm a los 48 ddi. Este trabajo es el primer reporte de N. eucalyptorum y N. parvum en México causando enfermedad en plantaciones de eucalipto. ABSTRACTI n 2013, in the east of Michoacán, die-back in commercial eucalyptus plantations appeared in trees with frost and drought damage. Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum was isolated on Eucalyptus nitens, and its teleomorph Botryosphaeria eucalyptorum was found on cankers; N. parvum isolated on E. nitens and E. globulus. Both species of Neofusicoccum were identified by morphology and were molecularly characterized by PCR-ITS. The sequences of N. eucalyptorum (access number: KC479184 and KC4799188) and N. parvum (KC479185, KC479186 and KC479187) were deposited in the Gene Bank of the NCBI. In the field, diseased eucalyptus showed die-back, fusiform cankers on stem, which induce bulges, resin flow and the appearance of epicormic shoots. The fungi inoculated in vitro in shoots of E. nitens and E. globulus provoked necrotic lesions and abundant immature pycnidia at 10 days after inoculation (dai). E. nitens trees of three years of age showed a fusiform canker with sunken appearance and dark brown coloration, measuring 13 to 21.9 cm at 48 dai. This study is the first report of N. eucalyptorum and N. parvum in Mexico causing disease in eucalyptus plantations. PALABRAS CLAVE:Botryosphaeriaceae, cancros, endófito, Eucalyptus sp., muerte regresiva.
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