En este artículo se valora el hallazgo en el poblado calcolítico de Les Moreres de una cerámica roja monocroma hecha a molde. Sus características tecnológicas delatan un origen alóctono, que los autores sitúan en la península anatólica, dentro del Bronce Antiguo (2700-2100 a.C.), barajándose tres áreas de elaboración posibles: Cilicia, la llanura de Konya y el occidente de Anatolia (Troya II-Demirci Höyük). La cerámica roja de Les Moreres permite probar la existencia de importaciones orientales en la Península Ibérica y, por tanto, de relaciones comerciales en el III milenio a.C. entre ambos extremos del Mediterráneo.

During the Later Prehistory of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers and adjacent regions, a great cultural spread took place during the Late/Terminal Ubaid phases of Southern Mesopotamia. In the Northern Mesopotamian regions, it happened during the immediate pre-Late Chalcolithic phases. Excavations in Southeastern Turkey prove a continuity of Ubaid cultural traits at least during the earlier phases of the local Late Chalcolithic (LC1). Two archaeological sites, Surtepe and Tilbes-Körche, close to the Birecik Dam area (Turkish Euphrates) are presented and evaluated here. Surtepe höyük, a 8 ha Late Ubaid settlement that provided Coba bowls, has levels with painted pottery from the late Late Chalcolithic 1 or earlier LC 2 phases in an area of at least 4 hectares in south and southwestern slopes. The small site of Tilbes-Körche has probably a bigger inter-connected structure and no simple isolated buildings. Among the stone foundations we identify at least one tripartite premise with a surface over 90 m2 and two bipartite buildings. From the largest excavated unit (H3-H10) was recovered a stamp seal depicting a crosshatching motif and another token/stamp seal with 8 incised lines. Within LC1 or a transitional phase between it and LC2, the 18 % of the pottery found in the Tilbes-Körche buildings was painted and there is a huge abundance of unpainted bowls, which are about half the ceramic ensemble, many with traces of a wheel or slow-wheel, mass-produced bowls, various variants of LC1 flint scraped, and two that most resemble the so-called “flower pots”.

During the Aceramic Neolithic (PPN) period of the Near East, many economic and societal changes took place. During the PPNA is when we recognize a process of agglomeration of hundreds people in big sites such as Jericho. The archaeological record proves more than likely contacts between the contemporary societies of the Levant and some Eastern and Central Anatolian sites. The extent of those far contacts is hard to estimate, but we assume that such contacts and the trade network, which we can study mainly through the obsidian trade, using terrestrial and maritime routes, with the interaction of big villages though a few intermediary steps, already full operating at that time, must have helped to transform the local hierarchies, economic interdependences and rituals, and for instance it could accelerated the end of Göbekli Tepe around mid PPNB. And therefore during the Late PPNB consolidated the central villages, key nodes in the trade networks, and these, in different ecological regions, reached between 10 and 15 ha, v. gr. in Basta, Beisamoun or 'Ain Ghazal. And in such a way, those built interdependent Ancient "World" Systems.

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