The study was carried out at the La Raya Experimental Center of the National University of the Altiplano of Puno at an altitude of 4200m, with the aim of evaluating the effect of additional post-ovulation copulations on embryonic survival. Huacaya alpacas were used with postpartum sexual rest greater than 20 days, with a preovulatory follicle greater than 7 mm, verified by ultrasound. For the controlled mating, 5 males from the breeding group were used. After breeding, 26 to 35 hours post-mating, ovulation was verified, selecting 47 alpacas that ovulated, and distributed to the experimental groups: G1 (n = 16) with no additional mating, G2 (n = 15) received an additional mating 24 hours post-ovulation, and G3 (n = 16) two additional mating 48 hours post-ovulation. On days 14 and 24 after copulation, the presence of the corpus luteum and embryonic vesicle was verified by ultrasound and receptivity of the female to the male. Results show a higher percentage of embryo survival trend in alpacas that received additional mating at 24 and 48 h post-ovulation than those that received only one ovulatory mating, showing at 14 days post-copulation an embryonic survival of 93,3% and 87,5%, in G2 and G3 respectively, compared to G1 with 75%, and at 24 days post-copulation 86,7% and 87,5% in G2 and G3 respectively, compared to G1 (62,5%). Although no significant differences were observed between groups (P>0,05), the difference is observed in the simple correspondence analysis between groups.
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del proceso del comportamiento sexual de la cópula con machos castrados (G1) en la inducción de la ovulación, comparando con el mismo efecto de machos vasectomizados (G2) y el efecto de la aplicación de plasma seminal (G3) en el útero en 45 alpacas con folículo preovulatorio ≥7 mm de diámetro, distribuidas (n=15) al azar en cada grupo experimental. La ocurrencia de ovulación se estimó el día 4 poscópula mediante receptividad sexual (aceptación o rechazo) al macho y verificada el día 7 y 11 con la detección del cuerpo lúteo (CL) vía ecografía transrectal. En G1, se determinó la secreción de plasma seminal los días -1, 15, 17 y 21 de la castración. Las fases del comportamiento sexual en el empadre controlado fueron similares entre G1 y G2. El día 4 poscópula una hembra de G1 había ovulado. En el día 7, la tasa de ovulación determinada por la presencia de cuerpo lúteo y receptividad sexual fue mayor (p<0.05) en G2 (93.3%) que en G1 (26.7%) y G3 (20%). En el día 11 todas las hembras volvieron a ser receptivas del macho, observándose CL en regresión. El volumen de plasma seminal en G1 disminuyó (p<0.01) de 1.2 a 0.4 ml. El estudio muestra que los machos castrados, evaluados 21 días poscastración, exhiben las fases del comportamiento sexual: cortejo, monta, erección con movimiento semi circular del pene, penetración y copulación, con mínima secreción (0.4 ml) de plasma seminal, pero sin eyaculado de semen, induciendo la ovulación en 27% de las hembras.
An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Center La Raya-Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, to determine the effect of copulation duration on ovulation and pregnancy in alpacas. 47 adult females were used (postpartum time ≥ 20 days and presence of a follicle ≥ 7 mm) distributed in three groups, according to copulation time: 20, 35 and 50 min, for G1 (n = 15), G2 (n = 16) and G3 (n = 16), respectively. For the mating, 6 reproducers of proven fertility were used, interrupting the copulation at the established time. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were evaluated on days 7 and 30 post service respectively (by ultrasound and receptivity of the female), the data were analyzed using X2 and simple correspondence. Both the ovulation rate (G1: 73.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 81.25%); and pregnancy (G1: 53.33%, G2: 81.25% and G3: 75%) were not different (P> 0.05). Pregnancy rates between G1 and G2 tended to be different (P <0.10), consistent with the simple correspondence analysis. Despite there being no differences in ovulation and pregnancy rates, there was a higher percentage trend in G2 and G3, suggesting that the longer duration of mating would have some positive effect on them, according to the simple correspondence analysis, and the trend of low significance (P <0.10) in favor of pregnancy in G2 compared to G1. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in the effect of copulation duration on ovulation; however, there was a 90% trend for the difference between mating duration of 35 minutes versus 20 minutes (in pregnancy).
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