Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. In CD, activation of the immune response causes damage of the intestinal mucosa, and a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available therapy. Intestinal damage can lead to an increase in the circulation of components of bacteria from the intestinal lumen, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) participate in the recognition of LPS, and their levels are altered in different pathologies. In the present study, the circulating levels of sCD14 and LBP from untreated CD patients were evaluated and compared to CD patients on a GFD and controls.Material and methods: In total seventy-two adult patients with CD, twenty-three untreated CD patients and forty-nine on a GFD were included. In addition, fifty-five healthy individuals were included as controls. Additionally, the effect of LPS on sCD14 production by both normal and inflamed intestinal tissue culture was explored.Results: Serum levels of sCD14 were found to be significantly increased in untreated CD patients compared to patients on a GFD and controls. In addition, we found that LPS induced the production of sCD14 by biopsies of intestinal tissue from untreated CD patients. Conclusions:The data from this study show that circulating levels of sCD14 are increased in the untreated CD patients compared to patients on a GFD. Our data show that LPS induces the production of sCD14 by the intestinal tissue from untreated CD patients.
The lesion of Dieulafoy is a vascular malformation characterized by the presence of a large arterial vessel in the submucosa and occasionally in the mucosa, which can erode and cause severe, recurrent and sometimes fatal hemorrhage. It is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and responds to less than 2% of episodes of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. The duodenal Dieulafoy lesion has been reported in a small number of cases and the intradiverticular is exceptional. Endoscopy is the diagnostic method of choice and in the last decade endoscopic therapy is the preferred technique due to its high effectiveness and low incidence of complications. We present the case of an 82-year-old patient with severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to an intradiverticular duodenal injury diagnosed in emergency endoscopy and treated effectively by rubber band ligation.
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