Background:The transcription factor p63 is a homolog of p53, expressed in basal layers of epithelia and myoepithelial cells. Some studies have suggested that p63 may provide utility in differentiating primary versus metastatic mucinous carcinoma of the skin, given its preferential expression in primary adnexal neoplasms. There have been few studies investigating the expression patterns of p40, an isoform of p63, in primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas.Methods: An immunohistochemical panel including p40, CK7, CK20, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor was applied to primary mucinous carcinomas of the skin, breast, and colon.Results: Only a small subset (25%) of primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas displayed focal positive staining with p40, similar to what has been reported in the literature for p63. All primary mucinous carcinomas of skin and breast labeled positively with CK7, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Primary colon mucinous carcinomas were only positive for CK20. Conclusions:Based on these results, p40 seems to be an insufficient marker for distinguishing primary versus metastatic mucinous carcinoma due to its low rate of positivity in primary cutaneous mucinous carcinomas.

Uterine smooth muscle tumors are the most common tumors of the female genital tract and include leiomyoma (LM) and its variants, smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Accurate diagnosis of LMS is determined by nuclear atypia, mitotic count, and the presence or absence of tumor cell necrosis, a process which is often difficult and subjective. In this study, we correlated digital quantification of proliferation marker Ki-67 and mitotic marker phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) to mitotic count, classification of uterine smooth muscle tumors, and clinical outcomes. A total of 39 cases (17 LMS, 5 STUMP, 10 LM with bizarre nuclei, and 7 LM) were included. Mitotic count, Ki-67, and PHH3 were significantly correlated. When comparing the LMS group to the STUMP, LM with bizarre nuclei, and LM groups combined, LMS showed a significantly greater digital quantification of Ki-67 (median 10.6% vs. 0.4%, Po0.001) and PHH3 (median 0.5% vs. 0.14%, P = 0.022). Ki-67 was a better predictor of LMS compared with PHH3 (area under the curve 0.92 vs. 0.73, P = 0.017). Above a threshold Ki-67 value of 3.8%, the sensitivity was 82% and specificity was 91%. Clinical outcomes were available for 10 patients (8 LMS and 2 STUMP), and inferior progression-free survival was noted for patients with higher Ki-67 values. Overall, this study suggests that digital quantification of Ki-67 can potentially aid in diagnosis of LMS.