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Several parasitic infections such fasciolosis, toxocariosis or ascariosis are important zoonoses. During the infection with Fasciola hepatica, Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum, an important intraorganic phase in their hosts takes place, releasing antigens responsible for a humoral immune response, which enables the diagnosis of that parasitosis. A study to identify the existence of cross-reactivity among the excretory/ secretory antigens of F. hepatica, T. canis and A. suum was developed. One group of Sprague-Dawley rats was infected with 20 metacercariae of F. hepatica and another group remained uninfected as control. By means of an Indirect-ELISA, the rat humoral immune response (IgG and IgM) against the excretory/secretory antigens of F. hepatica was analysed and measured for cross reactivity with T. canis and A. suum. IgM cross-reaction was mainly observed in the first 10 weeks post-infection. IgG cross-reaction was observed throughout the study, and was maximal at the 2-3 weeks and 3-6 weeks post-infection, which corresponds to the intraorganic migratory phase of these parasites. The western-blot showed that the rat IgG recognised three proteins of 190, 160 and 33 kDa in the antigens from F. hepatica, T. canis and A. suum. The existence of cross-reactivity among these antigens seems to demonstrate also the presence of structural similarities, such as tegumental proteins. These results should be consider when immunoassay probes are used in the diagnosis of parasitic infections.

RESUMO. Uma revisão das guildas de oviposição em Bruchidae (Coleoptera). Os bruquídeos apresentam três guildas de oviposição caracterizadas por períodos e maneiras diferentes de postura. Algumas espécies somente ovipositam nos frutos enquanto presos à planta (Guilda A), outras somente em sementes expostas de frutos enquanto ainda estão na planta (Guilda B) e algumas apenas em sementes livres no substrato (Guilda C). Uma espécie de planta pode ser infestada nas três condições, outras somente por duas e outras por apenas uma condição. Muitos artigos científicos têm sido publicados antes e após o conceito das guildas e, ao que parece, o comportamento primitivo dos bruquídeos provavelmente foi o de ovipositar sobre os frutos, com as larvas penetrando através de sua parede para se alimentarem das sementes (Guilda A). Como a evolução dos frutos foi direcionada para a dispersão das sementes e, possivelmente, fuga da predação por bruquídeos, estes desenvolveram outras maneiras para se alimentar de sementes (Guilda B e C). Os dados indicam que cerca de 78% dos bruquídeos ovipositam em frutos e 22% se incluem nas Guildas B e C. Nesse trabalho são revistos e discutidos os artigos científicos sobre guildas de oviposição e a evolução de bruquídeos, bem como acrescentados novos dados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE.Fabaceae; guilda de oviposição; sementes; Stator.ABSTRACT. Three guilds of bruchid beetles oviposit on seeds at different times and in different ways, i. e., in these guilds some species only oviposit on fruits while on the plant (Guild A), other species only oviposit on seeds exposed in fruits while still on the plant (Guild B) and some only oviposit on seeds once they are exposed on the substrate (Guild C). It has been established that one plant species may be oviposited upon by all three guilds, some only by two guilds and some by only one guild. Before and after the inception of this concept many papers have been published that seem to establish that early oviposition behavior of bruchids was probably onto fruits where they burrowed through the fruit wall and fed on seeds (Guild A). Then, as evolution of the fruits developed for dispersal of seeds and possible escape from bruchid predation, bruchids developed to feed in seeds in various other ways (Guilds B and C). Our data show that about 78% of extant bruchids oviposit on fruits, and the other 22% with behavior of Guilds B and C. A review of these papers and new data on oviposition guilds and bruchid evolution are presented and discussed here. KEYWORDS.Fabaceae; oviposition guilds; seeds; Stator.In 1959, Johnson first noticed different oviposition behavior in bruchids on fruits of Cercidium floridum Bentham ex A. Gray, 1852 that commonly had eggs glued to the outside of the fruits and to the seeds when the fruits were partially dehisced in the field. He then learned that the eggs glued to the fruits were those of Mimosestes amicus (Horn, 1873) and the eggs glued to the seeds were those of Stator limbatus (Horn, 1873). After many years of collecting fruits with seeds and bruc...

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