The purpose of this research was to analyze whether the social class of the aggressor and the degree of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance influence the blaming of the victim in a case of rape suffered by a woman. Participating in the study was a sample of 216 university students (82 men and 136 women). The participants read a rape scenario in which the aggressor’s social class was manipulated (high social class vs. low social class) and responded to a questionnaire about the blame of the victim, a questionnaire about right-wing authoritarianism, and a questionnaire about social dominance. The results show that the victim was blamed more when the aggressor was from a low social class and when the participants had high scores in right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance. They also reflect an interaction between the social class of the aggressor and social dominance: Participants who scored high in social dominance blamed the victim more when the aggressor was from a low social class.
This empirical work focuses on social norms as a way of transmitting psychological violence in young people, which could be affecting the effectiveness of preventive programs in dating violence. These programs are effective in changing beliefs, but new intervention approaches are in demand due to the former’s limitations in achieving behavioral changes. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that some dimensions of psychological violence are transmitted as a descriptive social norm, without any need of victimization. In a sample of 1,265 people (18–25 years old) and through two different studies, we explored the perception of prescriptive and descriptive social norms in situations of coercive control applied to three contexts (Study 1), isolation and domination (Study 2), under the hypothesis that coercive control is passed on as a descriptive social norm between peers. Characteristics describing diversity are taken into account. The results in frequency and Structural Equation Model analysis confirm the main hypothesis, because both perceptions are not correlated. Social norms no covariate with social characteristics. Same cannot be said of isolation and domination, leading to three conclusions for prevention. (1) Not all psychological violence works the same. Coercive control starts from a primary cognitive process that requires complementary actions, based for example on the cognitive hierarchy among social norms; (2) Preventive programs are often based on “prescribed” behaviors, related to the consequences they have on victims, whereas the descriptive social norm found in this study does not correlate with victimization, unless control is applied to specific contexts. Therefore, an additional effort in prevention could go deeper with more specific behaviors that show both the different types of psychological violence and the contexts of application; (3) Finally, at the policy level, results found call for the need for preventive efforts on psychological violence in the 18 to 25 age group and specific awareness campaigns.
En esta investigación han participado 170 estudiantes universitarios (80 hombres y 90 mujeres). El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar si la cultura del honor, el sexismo y el grado de celos influían en el tipo de infidelidad (sexual o emocional) que más afectaba a los sujetos. Los participantes respondieron a seis dilemas en los que se les planteaban el tipo de infidelidad que más les afectan (sexual o emocional), una escala sobre escala sobre cultura del honor, un inventario sobre sexismo y una escala sobre celos. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres sólo en dos de los seis dilemas. Se analizó la influencia de la cultura del honor, del sexismo hostil, del sexismo benévolo y del grado de celos en la preocupación por la infidelidad sexual y la infidelidad emocional. Se obtuvo que las mujeres que se preocupaban más por la infidelidad sexual puntuaron más alto en cultura del honor, sexismo benévolo y celos.
El estudio de la felicidad y el bienestar está recibiendo cada vez más atención en diferentes campos. Las investigaciones recientes sobre el bienestar se han centrado en profundizar en la concepción del individuo sobre la experiencia del bienestar. McMahan y Estes (2011a) crearon una escala que evalúa las concepciones legas del bienestar en base a cuatro dimensiones: la experiencia de placer, la evitación de la experiencia negativa, el autodesarrollo y la contribución a los demás. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar esta escala, Beliefs about Well-Being Scale (BWBS), a la población española. La muestra estuvo formada por 1.024 participantes de la población general con un intervalo de edad entre 17 y 87 años. El análisis factorial confirmatorio da como resultado una estructura de cuatro dimensiones, similar a la escala original, aunque en la adaptación de la escala los ítems disminuyen de 16 a 12. Los resultados del análisis de fiabilidad revelan índices similares a los de la escala original. Estos resultados confirman la validez de la Escala de Creencias sobre el Bienestar con población general en un contexto cultural diferente al del estudio original. Esto permitirá realizar estudios transculturales para analizar la influencia de la cultura en la percepción del bienestar The study of happiness and well-being is receiving increased attention in different fields. Recent research into well-being has focused on delving deeper into the individual’s conception about the experience of well-being. McMahan and Estes (2011a) created a scale that assesses lay conceptions of well-being (BWBS) based on four dimensions: the experience of pleasure, avoidance of negative experience, self-development and contribution to others. The goal of this study was to adapt this scale, the Beliefs about Well-Being Scale, to the Spanish population. The sample consisted of 1,024 participants from the general population ranging in age interval from 17 to 87 years old. The confirmatory factorial analysis results in a structure of four dimensions, similar to the original scale, although in the adaptation of the scale the items decrease from 16 to 12. The results of the reliability analysis reveal indexes similar to those of the original scale. These results confirm the validity of Beliefs about Well-Being Scale with general population in a cultural context different from the original study. This will allow cross-cultural studies to analyze the influence of culture in the perception of well-being.
El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido analizar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional, los celos y la tendencia al abuso sobre las estrategias violentas de resolución de conflictos en la pareja; así como analizar la capacidad predictiva de dichas variables en una muestra de hombres y mujeres de población general compuesta por 294 personas. Los resultados muestran que todas las variables evaluadas tienen una relación significativa con las estrategias propias de resolución de conflictos en la pareja; siendo la relación positiva con los celos y la tendencia al abuso y negativa con la inteligencia emocional. Asimismo, se encontró que todas las variables analizadas tenían capacidad predictivas sobre las estrategias propias de resolución de conflicto en la pareja; destacando la percepción sobre las estrategias de resolución de conflicto de la pareja. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de estas variables en la predicción de la violencia en la pareja y dirigen la atención hacia actuaciones para su prevención.
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