The objective of this study was to evaluate soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems and secondary forests. The study was conducted in the southern lower region of Bahia in Brazil, in two areas: a successional agroforestry system (AFS18) and native forest (NF). AFS18 consists of two species: mahogany (Khaya ivorensis and Khaya grandifoliola), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cacao (Theobroma cacau) and banana (Musa spp.). Sampling was carried out in the dry (June) and rainy (October) seasons of 2019, and eight soil monoliths were collected in both areas. A total of 889 individuals from the soil macrofauna were sampled. The highest frequency (RF) of taxons occurred in NF in the rainy season, and the groups that stood out were: Oligochaeta with 42% FR in ASF18, Formicide with 33.9% in NF and Isoptera with 58% in AFS18. The macrofauna structure of the soil varied according to the time of collection. The density of macrofauna individuals differed between areas only in the dry season. The highest number of ind.m² was observed in the area NF (378) when compared to ASF18 (196). TOC, Mg2+, Al3+ and CTC were related to AF on both occasions of collection and AFS18 in the rainy season, K+, P and pH were associated with AFS18 in the dry season. The diversity, equitability and richness of the soil macrofauna was greater in AF area. HFA18 in the rainy season was similar to NF, favoring colonization of the area by soil macrofauna organisms.
O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do mundo. Com as mudanças nos sistemas de colheita da cana-de-açúcar, há uma quantidade expressiva de palhada que fica depositada sobre o solo, podendo contribuir para o aumento da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). No entanto, no Brasil já existem diversas Unidades Industriais que processam toda a biomassa da cana para fabricar álcool de segunda geração e/ou gerar energia elétrica, tornando-se assim, uma nova fonte de renda das Usinas e Destilarias. Ao processar toda a biomassa gerada pela cana-de-açúcar, os possíveis efeitos favoráveis sobre as propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo serão retardados. Vale destacar que a matéria orgânica determina os principais atributos que definem a qualidade do solo, sendo diretamente afetada pelas práticas de manejo. Por meio do estudo da qualidade da matéria orgânica, pode-se além de avaliar a qualidade do solo, ter uma maior compreensão do sistema de produção que este solo comporta. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do presente trabalho, foi de estudar os principais efeitos da retirada da palhada da superfície dos solos no conteúdo de matéria orgânica do solo, indicando estudos que apontam a quantidade ideal de palhada a ser deixada no solo, sem afetar o conteudo de matéria orgânica. Para isto, foi realizado uma intensa busca em bases de dados, de estudos que avaliaram as possíveis implicações da retirada total e parcial da palhada de cana.
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