Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in nephrotic syndrome and have a propensity for long term renal damage. It may be an important cause of poor steroid response. The objective is to study the frequency and etiological organisms of urinary tract infection in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome children. Methods: This Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric ward of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong from 01.01.2009 to 31.12.2009. 52 nephrotic syndrome children diagnosed by serum albumin, serum cholesterol and 24 hours total urinary protein or protein creatinin index were included. After elaborate clinical evaluation, urine for R/M/E and C/S was done in all patients. Data regarding pyuria, hematuria, etiological organisms were analyzed by statistical method. Results: UTI was found in 30.8% nephrotic children and in majority cases (68.8%) they were asymptomatic. Male female ratio among UTI patients was 1:1. Mean serum cholesterol in nephrotic syndrome with UTI was higher than that of children without UTI (418.94 mg/dl vs 352.03 mg/dl, p value < 0.05).Pyuria had poor association with definite UTI (p value > 0.05). E-coli was the commonest organism isolated in urine culture followed by klebsiella. Conclusion: UTI is one of the most common infections in nephrotic syndrome and may be asymptomatic. It should be screened in every nephrotic child routinely.

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Key words: malnutrition; infancy; skin changesDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i1.7679 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(1):50-55

Thalassemia is one of the commonest inherited diseases in Bangladesh. The birth of a thalassemic child places considerable strain, not only on the affected child and its family but also on the community and the nation at large. To reduce the burden of the society and to reduce the disease incidence by providing genetic counseling, detection of carrier is important. The present study evaluates the role of ‘Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test’ (NESTROFT) in detecting ß-thalassemia trait. The current study is a cross sectional study done during the period of September 2008 to August 2009. The study subjects were sibs, parents and relatives of thalassemia patients of age more than 1 year attending Pediatric department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Sample size was 50. Here subjects with lowered osmotic fragility test were detected and later on Hb- electrophoresis was done. All the data were recorded and analyzed by SPSS programme. The Sensitivity, Specificity and predictive value of positive and negative tests were computed and they were 92.6%, 80%, 92.6% and 80% respectively. False positive cases were found. The present study found NESTROFT to be both sensitive and reasonably specific and of high negative predictive value. However, multicenter study with large sample is needed to recommend NESTROFT as a single screening test for detection of ß-thalassemia trait.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(4): 145-152

Very little is known about the immediate response of nebulized corticosteroid in addition to systemic steroids plus nebulized salbutamol in the early management of acute asthma in children. This study was aimed to observe any immediate effect of nebulized budesonide in the management of acute asthma in children. A total of 106 asthmatic patients aged between 5-12 years were investigated in a prospective single-blind, placebo controlled fashion. All subjects were entered in a randomized manner into one of two groups, Group-1 (Study Group) and Group-II (Control Group). After the Paediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) and the Peak Expiratory Flow Rates (PEFR) had been measured in all patients at the beginning of the study, both the study group (Group-1) and the control group (Group-II) received three consecutive doses of nebulized salbutamol (0.15 mg/kg/dose) and one dose of parenteral hydrocortisone (5 mg/kg/dose, intravenous). After this initial treatment, nebulized budesonide (1 mg/dose) was administered to patients in Group-1. One hour latter, the PASS and the PEFR were measured once more and at discharge, the durations of hospital stay (in days) were recorded for comparison between two groups. There were 53 patients in Group-1 (mean age: 7.99€2.12) and 53 patients in Group-II (mean age: 7.45+2.13). Both the groups were comparable for age (p=0.212) and sex (p=0.242)and inhaled steroid prophylaxis rate (p=0.233). No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups with respect to the decrease in PASS (p=0.851). Yet, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to the increase in PEFR (p=0.006) and durations of hospital stay in days (p=0.004). The positive immediate effect of nebulized budesonide in addition to systemic steroids and nebulized salbutamol in improving the PEFR as well as durations of hospital stay in asthmatic children is an encouraging finding for further study of its routine use in the paediatric emergency department. JCMCTA 2014 ; 25 (1): 27-31