While current thinking posits that insulin signaling to GLUT4 exocytic translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes is controlled by phosphorylation-based signaling, many proteins in this pathway are acetylated on lysine residues. However, the importance of acetylation and lysine acetyltransferases to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that combined loss of the acetyltransferases E1A binding protein p300 (p300) and cAMP response element binding protein binding protein (CBP) in mouse skeletal muscle causes a complete loss of insulinstimulated glucose uptake. Similarly, brief (i.e. 1 h) pharmacological inhibition of p300/CBP acetyltransferase activity recapitulates this phenotype in human and rodent myotubes, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and mouse muscle. Mechanistically, these effects are due to p300/CBP-mediated regulation of GLUT4 exocytic translocation and occurs downstream of Akt signaling. Taken together, we highlight a fundamental role for acetylation and p300/CBP in the direct regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytes.

Here, we demonstrate that glucose uptake in response to ex vivo contractions is not affected by the loss of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase function in muscle, regardless of sex or muscle type. Interestingly, however, similar to studies on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, we demonstrate that contraction-stimulated glucose uptake is robustly higher in female compared with the male skeletal muscle. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of sex-based differences in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.

No abstract

Current multimedia group presentation environments such as video conference systems, remote presentation and shared workspaces are typically developed as sell-contained applications, i.e. without much support from operating systems. However, newly developed operating systems have a framework to support multimedia data processing but these are still not enough for multimedia group presentations. To resolve this problem. we present a framework for designing an extended operating system called COSMOS (Collaborative Object Sharing for Multimedia Operating System). The framework provides concurrent and distributed multimedia data processing, fine grained synchronization, real4ime data flow management. presentation, session and shared object management for multimedia CSCW applications. The framework can be useful for either designing customized multimedia servers for playback machines or application developments using its API.Abstract Properties -Sub Framework = {classes, constraints} -* Sub System = {instance of subframevork} COSMOS consists of three sub-frameworks: stream, presentation, and group presentation. The abstraction of stream represents the data flow associated with a particular medium which is dynamically loadable object or a device, file, or filter. Also. the stream supports real-time multimedia data flow management to guarantee continuous media processing and delivery from a source to a destination.The multimedia presentation abstracts services in video production studios, where sources and destinations may be local or remote files or devices such as microphones, cameras, windows, and speakers. Also, these services include programmable media multiplexer or media mixer.4'5'6 The presentation supports synchronization, integration, and presentation of multimedia data.The group multimedia presentation abstracts the services of a convention centre, where multiple sessions are being held at the same time in a conference and participants are local and remote users or virtual users. Also, the services include session management, conference management, user registration policies, handling latecomers, and robust confluence. The confluence model is an important factor for CSCW. To minimize data transfer for a distributed multimedia presentation and desktop conference system. a confluence model that is a way of fluxing multiple data streams from different sources was suggested. Also. it includes shared object management which are necessarily required for CSCW operations. O-8194-1764-5195/$6.OO SP!E Vol. 2417/215 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/15/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx

Key Clinical MessageAlthough noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a good test with high sensitivity and specificity for trisomy 21, 18, and 13, it remains a screening test and cannot be used for diagnostic purposes. It is important to consider the outcomes of this test and interpret the results and offer consultation accordingly.