A motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain WPCB189T , was isolated from fresh water collected from the Woopo wetland (Republic of Korea). The cells were found to be Gram-negative, aerobic and catalase-and oxidase-positive. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this isolate forms a lineage within the genus Pedobacter, showing sequence similarities of 89.7-96.4 % with respect to recognized species of the genus, and represents a novel member of this genus. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1 v7c (summed feature 3, 29.7 %), iso-C 15 : 0 (26.4 %) and iso-C 17 : 1 3-OH (10.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 38.0 mol%. On the basis of data obtained from this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain WPCB189 T represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPCB189 T

Allergic rhinitis (AR), which is a major cause of upper airway obstruction, may affect the development of the dental malocclusion. This retrospective study was aimed to investigate association between AR and dental malocclusion in otolaryngologic perspectives. Methods: Patients (n = 217) referred to the otolaryngology department before initiating orthodontic treatment were recruited. The frequency and severity of AR symptoms, sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) scores, physical examination findings, acoustic rhinometry results, and treatment modalities were retrospectively assessed. Patients with positive skin prick test findings (SPT) (n = 173; orthodontic group) were compared with age- and sex-matched patients being treated for AR (AR group). Results: We found that 76.5% of the enrolled patients had subjective nasal symptoms, and 93.1% patients showed abnormal physical examination findings such as inferior turbinate hypertrophy (82.0%), adenotonsillar hypertrophy (31.8%), or deviated nasal septum (7.4%). The 173 (79.7%) patients with positive SPT results exhibited a significantly higher incidence of rhinorrhoea, sneezing, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy compared to those with negative SPT results. The proportion of patients who underwent pharmacological or surgical treatments was significantly higher among patients with nasal obstruction (92.0%) than among patients without nasal obstruction (36.9%). The frequency and mean visual analogue symptom scores for nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, and sneezing, as well as all SNOT-22 domain scores, were significantly higher in the AR group than in the orthodontic group. The minimal cross-sectional area measured with acoustic rhinometry showed no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Patients with dental malocclusion had a high SPT (+) rate and a high prevalence of structural abnormalities of the upper airway. The early detection and treatment of subclinical AR, other rhinological problems, and structural abnormalities of the upper airway in patients with malocclusion may help us manage malocclusion from an otolaryngologic perspective.

Today's network traffic has become extremely complex and diverse since the speed of network became faster and a variety of application services appear. Moreover, many applications appear and disappear fast and continuously. However, the current traffic classification system does not give much attention to this dynamic change of applications. In this paper, we propose an application awareness system in order to solve this problem. The application awareness system can provide the information, such as the usage trend of conventional applications and the emergence of new applications by recognizing the application name in a rapidly changing network environment. In order to recognize the application name, the Host field of HTTP protocol has been utilized. The proposed mechanism consists of two steps. First, the system generates the candidates of application name by extracting the domain name from the Host field in HTTP packet. Second, the administrator confirms the name afterward. The validity of the proposed system has been proved through the experiments in campus network.

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